A comprehensive review of the science of drug testing in all its aspects, placing emphasis on technologies that use body fluids other than urine for determining the presence of drugs of abuse. The authors discuss the various body fluid specimens suitable for testing for illicit drugs-particularly saliva, sweat, and hair-describe the structural and manufacturing aspects of on-site testing devices based on lateral flow immunoassay, and detail the pitfalls of using these specimens. They also discuss in detail the problem of sample adulteration and its detection. Since oral fluid has the best potential of succeeding urine as the next matrix of choice for drug detection, four popular saliva testing devices are examined: Intercept®, the Drager Drug Test®, Oratect®, and Drugwipe. Political, social, and legal issues are also considered in articles on privacy, the use of drug testing in courts, and the problem of sample adulteration.

Includes supplementary material: sn.pub/extras

Historical Aspects of Drugs-of-Abuse Testing in the United States.- Specimens for Drugs-of-Abuse Testing.- Drug-Testing Technologies and Applications.- The Use of Nitrocellulose Membranes in Lateral-Flow Assays.- Antibody-Label Conjugates in Lateral-Flow Assays.- Lateral-Flow Assays.- Oral-Fluid Drug Testing Using the Intercept® Device.- Dräger DrugTest®.- On-Site Oral-Fluid Drug Testing by Oratect®.- Saliva and Sweat Testing With Drugwipe®.- Hair Analysis in Drugs-of-Abuse Testing.- Instrumented Urine Point-of-Collection Testing Using the eScreen® System.- Adulteration of Drugs-of-Abuse Specimens.- Adulteration Detection by Intect® 7.- Drug Testing and the Criminal Justice System.- Drugs-of-Abuse Testing.- The Results of the Roadside Drug Testing Assessment Project.- Trends in Drug Testing.