Eighty-five articles and essays by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison that interpret and promote the US Constitution. Three of America's Founding Fathers-Alexander Hamilton, General George Washington's chief of staff and first secretary of the treasury; John Jay, the first chief justice of the United States; and James Madison, father of the Constitution, author of the Bill of Rights, and fourth president of the United States-embarked on an anonymous public relations campaign to promote the ratification of the US Constitution. Beginning in 1787, their articles appeared in three New York newspapers: The Independent Journal, the New-York Packet, and the Daily Advertiser. Written under the pseudonym Publius, their writings were a masterful analysis and interpretation of the Constitution, explaining the principles upon which the US government was founded. To this day, the Federalist Papers remain "an authoritative resource for academics, lawyers, and judges-including Supreme Court justices-to use to interpret the Constitution and to determine its original, or historic, meaning" (National Constitution Center).

Contents Preface No. 1: General Introduction No. 2: Concerning Dangers from Foreign Force and Influence No. 3: The Same Subject Continued No. 4: The Same Subject Continued No. 5: The Same Subject Continued No. 6: Concerning Dangers from Dissensions Between the States No. 7: The Same Subject Continued No. 8: The Consequences of Hostilities Between the States No. 9: The Union as a Safeguard Against Domestic Faction and Insurrection No. 10: The Same Subject Continued No. 11: The Utility of the Union in Respect to Commercial Relations and a Navy No. 12: The Utility of the Union in Respect to Revenue No. 13: Advantage of the Union in Respect to Economy in Government No. 14: Objections to the Proposed Constitution from Extent of Territory Answered No. 15: The Insufficiency of the Present Confederation to Preserve the Union No. 16: The Same Subject Continued No. 17: The Same Subject Continued No. 18: The Same Subject Continued No. 19: The Same Subject Continued No. 20: The Same Subject Continued No. 21: Other Defects of the Present Confederation No. 22: The Same Subject Continued No. 23: The Necessity of a Government as Energetic as the One Proposed to the Preservation of the Union No. 24: The Powers Necessary to the Common Defense Further Considered No. 25: The Same Subject Continued No. 26: The Idea of Restraining the Legislative Authority in Regard to the Common Defence Considered No. 27: The Same Subject Continued No. 28: The Same Subject Continued No. 29: Concerning the Militia No. 30: Concerning the General Power of Taxation No. 31: The Same Subject Continued No. 32: The Same Subject Continued No. 33: The Same Subject Continued No. 34: The Same Subject Continued No. 35: The Same Subject Continued No. 36: The Same Subject Continued No. 37: Concerning the Difficulties of the Convention in Devising a Proper Form of Government No. 38: The Same Subject Continued, and the Incoherence of the Objections to the New Plan Exposed No. 39: The Conformity of the Plan to Republican Principles No. 40: The Powers of the Convention to Form a Mixed Government Examined and Sustained No. 41: General View of the Powers Conferred by the Constitution No. 42: The Powers Conferred by the Constitution Further Considered No. 43: The Same Subject Continued No. 44: Restrictions on the Authority of the Several States No. 45: The Alleged Danger from the Powers of the Union to the State Governments Considered No. 46: The Influence of the State and Federal Governments Compared No. 47: The Particular Structure of the New Government and the Distribution of Power Among Its Different Parts No. 48: These Departments Should Not Be So Far Separated as to Have No Constitutional Control over Each Other No. 49: Method of Guarding Against the Encroachments of Any One Department of Government by Appealing to the People Through a Convention No. 50: Periodical Appeals to the People Considered No. 51: The Structure of the Government Must Furnish the Proper Checks and Balances Between the Different Departments No. 52: The House of Representatives No. 53: The Same Subject Continued No. 54: The Apportionment of Members Among the States No. 55: The Total Number of the House of Representatives No. 56: The Same Subject Continued No. 57: The Alleged Tendency of the New Plan to Elevate the Few at the Expense of the Many Considered in Connection with Representation No. 58: Objection That the Number of Members Will Not Be Augmented as the Progress of Population Demands, Considered No. 59: Concerning the Power of Congress to Regulate the Election of Members No. 60: The Same Subject Continued No. 61: The Same Subject Continued No. 62: The Senate No. 63: The Senate Continued No. 64: The Powers of the Senate No. 65: The Powers of the Senate Continued No. 66: Objections to the Power of the Senate to Sit as a Court for Impeachments Further Considered No. 67: The Executive Department No. 68: The Mode of Electing the President No. 69: The Real Character of the Executive No. 70: The Executive Department Further Considered No. 71: The Duration in Office of the Executive No. 72: The Same Subject Continued, and Re-eligibility of the Executive Considered No. 73: The Provision for the Support of the Executive, and the Veto Power No. 74: The Command of the Military and Naval Forces, and the Pardoning Power of the Executive No. 75: The Treaty-Making Power of the Executive No. 76: The Appointing Power of the Executive No. 77: The Appointing Power Continued and Other Powers of the Executive Considered No. 78: The Judiciary Department No. 79: The Judiciary Continued No. 80: The Powers of the Judiciary No. 81: The Judiciary Continued, and the Distribution of the Judiciary Authority No. 82: The Judiciary Continued No. 83: The Judiciary Continued in Relation to Trial by Jury No. 84: Certain General and Miscellaneous Objections to the Constitution Considered and Answered No. 85: Concluding Remarks