Walks on the Ground is a record of Ponca elder Louis V. Headman’s personal study of the Southern Ponca people, spanning seven decades.

List of Illustrations Foreword by Sean O’Neill Preface Acknowledgments Introduction Phonetic Key 1. Beginnings 2. Niobrara 3. Trade Agreements, Indian Treaties, and Indian Removal 4. Chief Standing Bear 5. Indian Territory 6. The Selection of Ponca Chiefs 7. The Ponca Reservation in Oklahoma 8. Ethnography 9. The Ponca Giveaway 10. The Old Ponca He¿úškà 11. New He¿úškà Dance Paraphernalia 12. The Ponca Singers 13. Ponca He¿úškà Songs 14. Family Structure and Kinship System 15. Marriage and Property 16. Clans of the Ponca 17. Ponca Names 18. Toys, Games, and Sports 19. Arts and Crafts 20. The Ponca Native American Church 21. The Christian Church in the Ponca Community 22. The Spirit World 23. The Funeral Rites 24. Ancient Ponca Burials and Practices 25. Ponca Medicine 26. Journey to the School House 27. Into the School House 28. Warriors of the Ponca 29. Political Governance Afterword Appendix: U.S. Treaty Obligations to Indian Tribes Notes Bibliography Index