This collection of articles provides broad and detailed information about NASA's Van Allen Probes (formerly known as the Radiation Belt Storm Probes) twin-spacecraft Earth-orbiting mission. The mission has the objective of achieving predictive understanding of the dynamic, intense, energetic, dangerous, and presently unpredictable belts of energetic particles that are magnetically trapped in Earth's space environment above the atmosphere. It documents the science of the radiation belts and the societal benefits of achieving predictive understanding. Detailed information is provided about the Van Allen Probes mission design, the spacecraft, the science investigations, and the onboard instrumentation that must all work together to make unprecedented measurements within a most unforgiving environment, the core of Earth's most intense radiation regions.

Preface.- Science Objectives and Rationale for the Radiation Belt Storm Probes Mission.- Mission Overview for the Radiation Belt Storm Probes Mission.- Radiation Belt Storm Probes - Observatory and Environments.- The Electric and Magnetic Field Instrument Suite and Integrated Science (EMFISIS) on RBSP.- The Electric Field and Waves (EFW) Instruments on the Radiation Belt Storm Probes Mission.- The Relativistic Proton Spectrometer (RPS) for the Radiation Belt Storm Probes Mission.- Radiation Belt Storm Probes Ion Composition Experiment (RBSPICE).- Science Goals and Overview of the Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP) Energetic Particle, Composition, and Thermal Plasma (ECT) Suite on NASA's Van Allen Probes Mission.- The Relativistic Electron-Proton Telescope (REPT) Instrument on Board the Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP) Spacecraft: Characterization of Earth's Radiation Belt High-Energy Particle Populations.- The Magnetic Electron Ion Spectrometer (MagEIS) Instruments Aboard the Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP) Spacecraft.- Helium, Oxygen, Proton and Electron (HOPE) Mass Spectrometer for the Radiation Belt Storm Probes Mission.- The Engineering Radiation Monitor for the Radiation Belt Storm Probes Mission.- The Balloon Array for RBSP Relativistic Electron Losses (BARREL).- The Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP) and Space Weather.- Dynamics of Radiation Belt Particles.- AE9/AP9 and SPM: New Models for Specifying the Trapped Energetic Particle and Space Plasma Environment.- Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP) Education and Public Outreach Program.