Advances in Biology of Skin, Volume 3: The Sebaceous Glands covers the proceedings of the 1962 Brown University Symposium on the Biology of Skin. The symposium considers the developmental sequences of sebaceous glands in man, their structural and functional attributes, and the analysis of skin surface lipids and their synthesis. This book is organized into 14 chapters, and starts with an introduction to the sebaceous glands. The subsequent chapter deals with the sebaceous glands in oral and lip mucosa. These topics are followed by discussions on ectopic sebaceous glands and the structure of sebaceous glands of man. Other chapters describe the effect of age and sex on the metabolism of rat, as well as the problems in the analysis of sebum. The last chapters consider the hormonal control of sebaceous glands in both animals and humans. This book will be of value to biologists and research workers.

List of Contributors Introduction Chapter I The Development of Sebaceous Glands in Man I. Introduction II. Development of the Epidermis III. Development of the Hair Follicle IV. Development of the Sebaceous Glands V. Enzymes of the Fetal Sebaceous Glands VI. Summary and Conclusions VII. References Chapter II The Sebaceous Glands in Man I. Introduction II. The Microscopic Anatomy of Sebaceous Cells III. Histochemistry IV. Mechanism of Growth V. References Chapter III Comparative Aspects of Sebaceous Glands I. Introduction II. Histochemistry III. The Problems of Growth and Differentiation IV. References Chapter IV Sebaceous Glands in Oral and Lip Mucosa I. Introduction II. Sex Prevalence III. Familial Prevalence IV. Morphology and Histology V. Development VI. Properties and Composition of Buccal Sebum VII. Function VIII. Comparative Anatomy IX. Increase With Advancing Age X. ReferencesChapter V Ectopic Sebaceous Glands I. Introduction II. Female Genitalia III. Male Genitalia IV. The Nipples and Areolae V. Ocular Structures VI. The Palms and Soles VII. The Parotid Glands VIII. The Tongue IX. Miscellaneous Sites X. General Comment XI. Summary and Conclusions XII. References Chapter VI The Ultrastructure of the Sebaceous Glands of Man I. Introduction II. Materials and Methods III. Observations A. The Peripheral Undifferentiated Sebaceous Cells B. The Partially Differentiated Cells C. The Fully Differentiated Cells IV. Conclusions V. References Chapter VII The Uses of Sebum? I. Introduction II. Phylogenetic Considerations III. The Lipid Film IV. Comparative Physiology V. Vitamin D VI. Surface Lipids as Adjuncts to the Barrier Function of Skin VII. Sebum as an Emulsifier: Its Role in Moisture Regulation A. In Vitro Studies B. In Vivo Studies C. Sebum as an Emulsifier VIII. The Antifungal Properties of Sebum IX. Antibacterial Effect of Sebum X. Harmful Effect of Sebum XI. Nice Properties of Sebum XII. Summary XIII. ReferencesChapter VIII the Effect of Age and Sex on the Metabolism of the Preputial Gland of the Rat I. Introduction II. Observations A. Effects of Age and Sex on the Preputial Gland III. Discussion IV. Summary and Conclusions V. References Chapter IX Problems in the Analysis of Sebum I. Introduction II. Collection of Sebum III. Physical and Chemical Constants A. Melting Point B. Specific Gravity C. Viscosity D. Surface Tension E. Acid Number or Neutralization Equivalent F. Iodine Number G. Saponification Number H. Acetyl Number I. Total Nitrogen J. Lipid Phosphorus IV. Single Components A. Glycerol B. Sterols and Steroids C. Squalene V. Fraction Methods A. Whole Sebum B. Non-Saponifiable Material C. Urea Adduct Formation VI. Miscellaneous Physical Methods A. Fractional Distillation B. Ultraviolet and Infrared Spectrometry C. Mass Spectrometry D. Counter-Current Distribution VII. Applications of Gas Chromatography A. Fatty Acids B. Wax Alcohols C. Sterols D. Waxes E. Non-Saponifiable Material and Whole Sebum VIII. Conclusions IX. ReferencesChapter X Studies on the Regulation of Cholesterol Synthesis in the Skin and Preputial Gland of the Rat I. Introduction II. Methods III. Results A. Demonstration of Two Pathways in Skin B. Effects of Sex Hormones on Sterol Synthesis C. Effect of Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency on Sebaceous Gland Sterols IV. Discussion V. Conclusions VI. References Chapter XI Human Skin Surface Lipids-Origin, Composition and Possible Function I. Introduction II. Sources of Human Skin Surface Lipids III. Chemical Composition of Human Surface Fat A. The Sample B. The Analytical Scheme C. The Composition IV. The Free Fatty Acids and Glycerides of Human Skin Surface Fat V. The Wax Esters and Wax Alcohols of Human Skin Surface Fat A. The Wax Alcohols B. The Wax Esters VI. Squalene, Sterol Esters and Free Sterols in Human Skin Surface Fat VII. Paraffin Hydrocarbons VIII. Summary A. Biogenesis of Sebum and Its Contribution to Human Skin Surface Fat B. Epidermal Lipids and Their Contribution to Human Skin Surface Fat IX. References Chapter XII The Effects of Progesterone and a Pituitary Preparation with Sebotropic Activity on Sebaceous GlandsChapter XIII Hormonal Control of Sebaceous Glands in Experimental Animals I. Introduction II. Methods A. Preparation of Whole Mounts and Sections B. Estimation of Alveolar Volume C. Estimation of Mean Alveolar Number D. Cell Number and Cell Volume E. Cell Proliferation and Turnover Time III. Action of Androgens IV. Action of Estrogens A. Time of Response in Immature Female Rats B. Effect of Estradiol on Mitosis in Immature Rats C. Changes During the Estrous Cycle D. Effect of Estradiol in Hypophysectomized and Adrenalectomized Rats E. Concomitant Implantation of Estradiol and Testosterone V. Progestogens A. Conflicting Results With Progesterone B. Progesterone in Spayed and Intact Adult Rats C. Progesterone in Intact Immature Rats Treated With Estradiol D. Progesterone in Spayed Immature Rats E. Large Doses of Progesterone VI. Synthetic Steroids VII. Discussion VIII. References Chapter XIV The Hormonal Control of Human Sebaceous Glands I. Introduction II. Structure and Development of the Sebaceous Glands of the Face III. Methods of Investigating the Effects of Hormones on Sebaceous Glands A. Biopsy B. Gravimetric Assay of Sebum Production IV. The Role of Androgens in the Development of the Sebaceous Glands A. The Responses in Sexes and Different Age Groups B. The Rate of Response of the Sebaceous Glands to Methyl Testosterone C. The Sensitivity of the Sebaceous Glands to Methyl Testosterone D. The Site of Action of Testosterone V. The Effect of Adrenal Hormones on the Human Sebaceous Glands VI. The Effect of Progesterone on the Sebaceous Glands VII. The Effects of Estrogen on the Sebaceous Glands A. Systemic Administration of Estrogens B. Local Application of Estrogens VIII. The Effect of Simultaneous Methyl Testosterone and Ethynyl Estradiol Administration IX. Effect of Gonadotropins on the Sebaceous Glands X. Effect of Sebotropin XI. Discussion and Conclusions XII. References