Stormwater Modeling presents the fundamentals of deterministic, parametric, and stochastic stormwater modeling. It is assumed that the reader or student will have a basic background in science or engineering; however, the authors are of the opinion that one can comfortably read and understand this treatise with a fundamental knowledge of calculus and differential equations. The book has been written with the intent of reaching an audience concerned primarily with evaluating the effects of land use on stormwater for the purpose of doing feasibility studies, planning, and/or design work. The book is organized into five parts. Part I discusses various modeling concepts such as the definition of a mathematical model, the systems approach to model building, examples of parametric and deterministic modeling, and stormwater model optimization. Part II on deterministic modeling covers the modeling of overland and open channel flow; kinematic flow approximation; and estimation of time of concentration using kinematic wave theory. Part III covers parametric modeling and includes chapters on model optimization;. analysis of the effects of urbanization and logging on stormwater; and evaluation of the effects of strip coal mining on watershed hydrologic response. Parts IV and V deal with stochastic stormwater modeling and stormwater quality modeling, respectively.

PrefacePart I Introduction and Modeling Concepts Chapter 1 Introduction and Modeling Concepts 1-1 Stormwater Defined 1-2 What is a Mathematical Model? 1-3 The Systems Approach to Model Building 1-4 Systems Terminology and Definitions 1-5 The Modeling Approach 1-6 Example of Parametric Modeling 1-7 Example of Deterministic Modeling 1-8 Linkage between Parametric and Deterministic Modeling 1 -9 Choice of Model Complexity 1-10 Stormwater Model Optimization by Objective Best Fitting 1-11 Sensitivity Analysis 1-12 Regionalization of Parameters 1-13 Range of Choice of Stormwater Models Problems ReferencesPart II Deterministic Modeling Chapter 2 Rainfall Excess 2-1 Introduction 2-2 Interception Models 2-3 Depression Storage Models 2-4 Soil Physics Models of Infiltration 2-5 Hydrologic Models of Infiltration 2-6 Evapotranspiration Models Problems References Chapter 3 Overland and Open Channel Flow 3-1 Introduction 3.2 The Governing Equations of Motion 3-3 Kinematic and Dynamic Waves 3-4 Solution Techniques Problems References Chapter 4 Kinematic Flow Approximation 4-1 Introduction 4-2 The Kinematic Approximation to Overland Flow 4-3 Kinematic Flow Number 4-4 Kinematic Flow on Long Impermeable Planes-the Rising Hydrograph 4-5 Time to Equilibrium 4-6 Equilibrium Depth Profile 4-7 The Falling Hydrograph 4-8 Model for a V-Shaped Watershed 4-9 Overland Flow on a Converging Surface 4-10 Overland Flow on a Cascade of Planes 4-11 Kinematic Shock 4-12 Kinematic Streamflow 4-13 Free Surface Storm Sewer Flow Problems References Chapter 5 Estimation of Time of Concentration Using Kinematic Wave Theory 5-1 Introduction 5-2 Derivation of Time of Concentration 5-3 Time of Concentration for a Plane 5-4 Time of Concentration of a Cascade of Planes 5-5 Time of Concentration of a V-Shaped Watershed 5-6 Time of Concentration of a Converging Surface 5-7 A Concept of Lag Modulus 5-8 Estimation of Time of Concentration on Complex Catchments Where Stormwater Data are Available 5-9 Summary Problems References Chapter 6 Examples of Deterministic Stormwater Modeling 6-1 Introduction 6-2 A Model of Rural Stormwater 6-3 A Model of Urban Peak Runoff Design 6-4 Use of Stormwater Detention Basins for Peak Runoff Reduction 6-5 Hydrologic Impact of Storm Sewers 6-6 Stormwater Management Models 6-7 A Comparison of Urban Stormwater Models Problems References Chapter 7 Systems Approach to Deterministic Stormwater Modeling 7-1 Introduction 7-2 Linear and Nonlinear Hydrologic Systems 7-3 Derivation of Response Function 7-4 Development of the Variable Response Model (VRM) 7-5 Examples of Application of VRM 7-6 Hydrologic Design of Stormwater Inlets 7-7 Conclusions Problems ReferencesPart III Parametric Modeling Chapter 8 History of Parametric Stormwater Modeling 8-1 Introduction 8-2 Parametric Modeling Prior to the High Speed Digital Computer 8-3 Parametric Modeling with High Speed Digital Computers 8-4 Present State of the Art Problems References Chapter 9 Model Optimization Techniques 9-1 Need for Objective Best Fitting 9-2 Linear Least Squares 9-3 Nonlinear Least Squares 9-4 Principal Components Analysis 9-5 Stepwise Multiple Regression 9-6 Rosenbrock's Method 9-7 Pattern Search 9-8 Summary Problems References Chapter 10 Evaluation of Effects of Urbanization and Logging on Stormwater 10-1 Introduction 10-2 TVA Stormwater Model 10-3 Model Tests 10-4 Simulated Effects of Forest Cutting on Stormwater 10-5 Simulated Effects of Urbanization on Stormwater 10-6 Model Limitations Problems References Chapter 11 Evaluation of the Effects of Strip Mining on Streamflow 11-1 Introduction 11-2 TVA Daily Flow Model 11-3 Stanford Model 11-4 Conclusions Problems References Chapter 12 Sensitivity Analysis 12-1 Need for Sensitivity Analysis 12-2 USGS Model 12-3 Model Optimization 12-4 A Case Study 12-5 Conclusions Problems References Chapter 13 Regionalization of Model Parameters 13-1 Introduction 13-2 Regionalization of TVA Stormwater Model 13-3 Example Applications 13-3 Limitations of Regionalized Models Problems ReferencesPart IV Stochastic Stormwater Modeling Chapter 14 Stormwater Frequency Modeling 14-1 Introduction 14-2 Return Period 14-3 Probability Density Functions 14-4 Plotting Positions 14-5 Best Fit Criteria 14-6 Outliers 14-7 Confidence Intervals--Reliability 14-8 Effects of Urbanization on Stormwater Frequency 14-9 Design Risk 14-10 Conclusions Problems ReferencesPart V Stormwater Quality Modeling Chapter 15 State of the Art in Stormwater Quality 15-1 Introduction 15-2 Stormwater as a Pollutant 15-3 Nonpoint Source 15-4 Effects of Pollutants on Receiving Streams and Lakes 15-5 Quality of Urban Runoff 15-6 Quality of Agricultural Runoff 15-7 Quality of Runoff from Mining Areas 15-8 Quality of Runoff from Forests and Woodlands 15-9 Conclusion Problems References Chapter 16 Simulating Pollutographs and Loadographs 16-1 Introduction 16-2 Accumulation of Pollutants 16-3 Removal of Pollutants 16-4 Simulating Pollutographs and Loadographs Problems References Chapter 17 Development of Stormwater Quality Indices 17-1 Introduction 17-2 "Consumers' Water Quality Index" 17-3 A Multivariate Approach 17-4 Principal Components Regression 17-5 Conclusions Problems ReferencesAppendix IIndex