Transport phenomena is used here to descril>e momentum, energy, mass, and entropy transfer (Bird et al. 1960, 1980). It includes thermodynamies, a special case of which is thermostatics. Interfacial transport phenomena refers to momentum, energy , mass, and entropy transfer within the immediate neighborhood of a phase interface, including the thermodynamies of the interface. In terms of qualitative physical observations, this is a very old field. Pliny the EIder (Gaius Plinius Secundus, 23-79 A.D.; Pliny 1938) described divers who released small quantities of oil from their mouths, in order to damp capillary ripples on the ocean surface and in this way provide more uniform lighting for their work. Similar stories were retold by Benjamin Franklin, who conducted experiments of his own in England (V an Doren 1938). In terms of analysis, this is a generally young field. Surface thermostatics developed relatively early, starting with Gibbs (1948) and continuing with important contributions by many others (see Chapter 5).

1 Kinematics and conservation of mass.- 2 Force Foundations for momentum transfer.- 3 Applications of the differential balances to momentum transfer.- 4 Application of integral averaging to momentum transfer.- 5 Foundations for simultaneous momentum, energy, and mass transfer.- 6 Applications of the differential balances to energy and mass transfer.- 7 Applications of integral averaging to energy and mass trasnfer.- Appendix A Differential geometry.- Physical space.- A.1.1 Euclidean space.- Vector fields.- A.2.1 Natural basis.- A.2.2 Surface gradient of scalar field.- A.2.3 Dual Basis.- A.2.4 Covariant and contravariant components.- A.2.5 Physical components.- A.2.6 Tangential and normal components.- Second-order tensor fields.- A.3.1 Tangential transformations and surface tensors.- A.3.2 Projection tensor.- A.3.3 Tangential cross tensor.- A.3.4 Transpose.- A.3.5 Inverse.- A.3.6 Orthogonal tangential transformation.- A.3.7 Surface determinant of tangential transformation.- A.3.8 Polar decomposition.- Third-order tensor fields.- A.4.1 Surface tensors.- Surface gradient.- A.5.1 Spatial vector field.- A.5.2 Vector field is explicit function of position in space.- A.5.3 Vector field is explicit function of position on surface.- A.5.4 Second-order tensor field.- A.5.5 Tensor field is explicit function of position in space.- A.5.6 Tensor field is explicit function of position on surface.- Integration.- A.6.1 Line integration.- A.6.2 Surface integration.- A.6.3 Surface divergence theorem.- Name Index.