What did it mean to be a man in Scotland over the past nine centuries? Scotland, with its stereotypes of the kilted warrior and the industrial 'hard man', has long been characterised in masculine terms but there has been little historical exploration of masculinity in a wider context. This interdisciplinary collection examines a diverse range of the multiple and changing forms of masculinities from the late eleventh to the late twentieth century, exploring the ways in which Scottish society through the ages defined expectations for men and their behaviour. How men reacted to those expectations is examined through sources such as documentary materials, medieval seals, romances, poetry, begging letters, police reports and court records, charity records, oral histories and personal correspondence. Focusing upon the wide range of activities and roles undertaken by men ‒ work, fatherhood and play, violence and war, sex and commerce ‒ the book also illustrates the range of masculinities that affected or were internalised by men. Together, they illustrate some of the ways Scotland's gender expectations have changed over the centuries and how, more generally, masculinities have informed the path of Scottish history. Lynn Abrams is Professor of Modern History at the University of Glasgow. She has published widely on Scottish gender history and was convenor of Women's History Scotland from 2008-2013. Her many publications include Oral History Theory (2016), Myth and Materiality in a Woman's World: Shetland 1800-2000 (2005) and Gender in Scottish History since 1700 (Edinburgh University Press, 2006). Elizabeth Ewan is University Research Chair and Professor of Scottish Studies and History at the University of Guelph, Canada. She publishes on medieval and early modern Scotland in gender, crime and urban history. Her edited books include The Biographical Dictionary of Scottish Women (Edinburgh University Press, 2006), Finding the Family in Medieval and Early Modern Scotland (2008) and Children and Youth in Premodern Scotland (2015). Cover image: Riveters, Stanley Spencer, 1941 (c) IWM (Art.IWM ART LD 1375) Cover design: [EUP logo] edinburghuniversitypress.com ISBN 978-1-4744-0389-4 Barcode

AcknowledgementsList of IllustrationsNotes on Contributors