This book traces the formation of the archaeological site of Carthage and how it re-emerged in the minds of European antiquarians and travellers in the early modern world. For almost 1,600 years the ancient city sat on the north coast of Africa, dominating the central Mediterranean until its fall in 698 CE. One of the oldest cities in the Mediterranean, it was founded in legend by the Tyrian queen Dido and destroyed after epic wars with Rome. It was soon reborn as a Roman city, and late in antiquity evolved into a centre for Christian worship. In the 17th and 18th centuries, when European explorers first arrived, searching for the site of Carthage, they were amazed that almost nothing of its former glory remained and lamented its loss. The gradual and sometimes controversial exploration of Carthage has, over the last two centuries, brought the story of this renowned ancient city back into the public imagination. From the first discovery of Punic artifacts to the plunder of the site for the enrichment of European museums, the book follows the many personalities whose interests and diligence led to the establishment of scientific archaeological excavations and the re-emergence of Carthage from the ruins.

In telling the story of the archaeology of Carthage, the narrative of the past millennium of Mediterranean history is reflected

List of IllustrationsList of MapsAcknowledgementsIntroductionChapter 1: From Carthage to Rome: A Brief OverviewChapter 2: From Carthage to Tunis: A New FocusChapter 3: The EuropeansChapter 4: Rivals in the FieldChapter 5: The French CollectorChapter 6: The Excavating PriestChapter 7: The Tophet, Carthage and the Early Twentieth CenturyChapter 8: Independence, UNESCO and the Twenty-First CenturyEpilogueNotesBibliographyIndex