Over the generations the skin has been the site for immunization against smallpox. This method of immunization was described in a letter written by Lady Mary Montagu on April 1, 1717 in Adrianopole, Turkey: "The small-pox, so fatal, and so general amongst us, is here entirely harmless by the invention of ingrafting, which is the term they give it. . . The old woman comes with a nut-shell full of the matter of the best sort of small-pox . . . She immediately rips open (the skin) with a large needle . . . and puts into the vein as much venom as can lie upon the head of her needle, and after binds up the wound. There is no example of anyone that died of it; and you may believe that I am satisfied of the safety of this experiment since I intend to try it on my dear little son" (Letters from the right Honourable Lady Mary Montagu 1709-1762. Published by J. M. Dent and Co. London, 2nd edition, September, 1906, p. 124. ) The "variolation" method was, 80 years later, markedly improved by the use of cowpox virus, as reported by Edward Jenner in 1796. The successful method of intradermal immunization against smallpox and later against other virus diseases is in fact based on the presence of anitigen-presenting dendritic cells in the skin.

GENERAL.- 1. DENDRITIC CELLS IN THE EPIDERMIS AND THE LYMPH NODES - A REVIEW.- 2. MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES TO LANGERHANS CELLS IN MAN AND EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS.- 3. DETECTION OF LANGERHANS CELLS WITH MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES.- 4. EPIDERMAL DENDRITIC CELLS IN IMMUNODEFICIENT MICE.- CANCER AND AGING.- 5. LANGERHANS CELLS IN TUMOUR DEVELOPMENT AND REGRESSION.- 6. EPIDERMAL DENDRITIC CELLS IN AGED C57BL/6 MICE.- HIV INFECTION OF LANGERHANS CELLS IN AIDS.- 7. IMMUNOHISTOLOGY OF SKIN FROM AIDS PATIENTS.- 8. HIV INFECTION OF SKIN LANGERHANS CELLS.- 9. HIV INFECTION OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD DENDRITIC CELLS.- 10. HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENT VIRUS (HIV) AND ITS INTERACTIONS WITH EPIDERMAL LANGERHANS CELLS (LC).- HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS-1 INFECTION OF THE SKIN AND LANGERHANS CELLS.- 11. LANGERHANS CELLS AND RECURRENT INFECTION WITH HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS.- 12. UV TREATMENT OF SKIN: EFFECT ON LANGERHANS CELLS AND HSV-1 INFECTION.- 13. UV TREATMENT OF THE SKIN AND HSV-1 INFECTION.- 14. INVOLVEMENT OF EPIDERMAL AND LYMPH NODE DENDRITIC CELLS IN SKIN HSV-1 INFECTION.- HUMAN WARTS AND LANGERHANS CELLS.- 15. WARTS, CARCINOMA AND LANGERHANS CELLS.- POX AND IRIDOVIRUS INTERACTIONS WITH SKIN LANGERHANS CELLS.- 16. VACCINIA VIRUS AND DENDRITIC (LANGERHANS) CELLS: NEED FOR ELUCIDATION OF THE ROLE OF DENDRITIC CELLS IN VACCINATION.- 17. LANGERHANS CELLS IN THE SKIN OF NORMAL AND LUMPY SKIN DISEASE VIRUS-INFECTED CATTLE.- 18. LANGERHANS CELL AND INTERDIGITATING DENDRITIC CELL INFECTION IN AFRICAN SWINE FEVER.- PERSPECTIVES.- 19. PERSPECTIVES OF DENDRITIC CELL RESEARCH.