The interest in 'biomarkers' seen across a spectrum of biomedical disciplines reflects the rise of molecular biology and genetics. A host of 'omics' disciplines in addition to genomics, marked by multidimensional data and complex analyses, and enabled by bioinformatics, have pushed the trajectory of biomarker development even further. They have also made more tractable the complex mappings of genotypes to phenotypes - genome-to-phenome mapping - to which the concept of a biomarker is central.

The Concepts of Cognitive Pheotypes and Behavioral Endophenotypes.- 2. The Strategy and Utility of the Cognitive Phenotype Approach to Neurobehaviroal Function.- 3. Criteria for Defining Cognitive and Behavioral Phenotypes.- 4. Phenomics and Neuroinformatics: Isolating and relating Cognitive Phenotypes.- 5. Cognitive Phenotypes in Response Inhibition.- Cognitive Phenotypes in Contingency Detection.- 7. Cognitive Phenotypes in Fear and Conditioning Potentiation.- 8. Cognitive Phenotypes in Reward Conditioning.- 9. Cognitive Phenotypes in Working Memory.- 10. Cognitive Phenotypes in Face Perception.- 11. Cognitive Phenotypes in Spatiotopic Transformations and Mental Rotation.- 12. Neuroimaging Endophenotypes as they Relate to Specific Disorders.- 13. Critique of the Cognitive Phenotype Concept.- 14. Implications for Neuropsychology and Psychiatry: Research, Classification and Diagnosis.- 15. Applications of the Cognitive Phenotypes Strategy Globally.