One of the most significant developments in computing over the last ten years has been the growth of interest in computer based support for people working together. Recognition that much work done in offices is essentially group work has led to the emergence of a distinct subfield of computer science under the title Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW). Since the term was first coined in 1984, there has been growing awareness of the relevance to the field of, and the valuable con­ tributions to be made by, non-computing disciplines such as sociology, management science, social psychology and anthro­ pology. This volume addresses design issues in CSCW, an- since this topic crucially involves human as well as technical considerations - brings together researchers from such a broad range of disciplines. Most of the chapters in this volume were originally presented as papers at the one-day seminar, "Design Issues in CSCW", held at the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), London, on 17 March 1992, one in aseries of DTI-supported CSCW SIG seminars. We would like to express our gratitude to the series editors, Colston Sanger and Dan Diaper, for their useful comments on, and suggestions for revisions to, the final draft of the manuscript; to Linda Schofield, our editor at Springer, for her continued encouragement throughout the preparation of the manuscript; and, finally, to our respective families for their support and patience over so many months.

1 Introduction.- 2 Computer Supported Cooperative Work: A Framework.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Cooperative Work.- 2.3 Computer Support: Communication.- 2.4 Computerized Artefacts of Work.- 2.5 Non-Computerized Artefacts.- 2.6 Summary.- 3 Capturing Interactions: Requirements for CSCW.- 3.1 Design Issues for CSCW.- 3.2 Ethnographic Study of Office Work.- 3.3 Case Study of a Technical Publications Unit.- 3.4 The Analysis.- 3.5 Conclusions.- 4 Situation Theory and the Design of Interactive Information Systems.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Information.- 4.3 On Mathematics, Metaphor and Design.- 4.4 Situation Theory: A Review.- 4.5 Normative Constraints and Cognition.- 4.6 Information, Situations and Design.- 4.7 Multimedia and Multi-User.- 4.8 The Role of Situation Theory.- 4.9 Conclusion.- 5 Patterns of Language in Organizations: Implications for CSCW.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Four Models of Linguistic Support for Collaborative Work.- 5.3 Conclusions.- Appendix A.- Appendix B.- 6 Coordination Issues in Tools for CSCW.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Early Experiences with CSCW.- 6.3 Cognitive Issues in CSCW.- 6.4 Conversation Analysis.- 6.5 Coordination in CSCW.- 6.6 Studies of Turn Management in CSCW.- 6.7 Discussion.- 6.8 Concluding Remarks.- Appendix A.- 7 Software Engineering Design: A Paradigm Case of Computer Supported Cooperative Working.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Use of Abstract Representations.- 7.3 The Design Frameworks Approach.- 7.4 An Approach to Design-for-Reuse.- 7.5 Conclusions.- 8 Where Are Designers? Styles of Design Practice, Objects of Design and Views of Users in CSCW.- 8.1 Design as Technique, as Social Function and as Politics.- 8.2 Three Interpretations of the Significance of "Users".- 8.3 Users as Clients: The "Specify and Deliver" Style.- 8.4 Users asCodesigners: The "Reflect and Reinterpret" Style.- 8.5 Users as Actor-Constructors: The "Enable and Empower" Style.- 8.6 Where are Designers? The Geo-Economic "Location" Problem.- 8.7 Taking Design with Us.- 9 Coping with Complexity and Interference: Design Issues in Multimedia Conferencing Systems.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 The CAR Multimedia Conferencing System.- 9.3 Design Principles.- 9.4 Design and Usability Issues.- 9.5 Discussion: Design Principles for Multimedia Conferencing.- 9.6 Conclusions.- 10 The Role of Replication in the Development of Remote CSCW Systems.- 10.1 Designing for the Future.- 10.2 Designing for the Present: Replication.- 10.3 An Experiment in Replication.- 10.4 Evaluating the System.- 10.5 Conclusion.- 11 Computer Supported Conflict Management in Design Teams.- 11.1 The Challenge: Supporting Collaboration in Design Groups.- 11.2 Contributions and Limitations of Existing Work.- 11.3 The Design Collaboration Support System.- 11.4 Evaluation and Future Work.- 12 ShareLib: A Toolkit for CSCW Applications Programming Using X Windows.- 12.1 Introduction.- 12.2 Existing Applications.- 12.3 Other Similar Work.- 12.4 What Programming Support Should Provide.- 12.5 Design of ShareLib: Architecture.- 12.6 Design of ShareLib: Implementation.- 12.7 Example Implementation: The Telepointer.- 12.8 Summary and Further Work.- 13 Adapting a Design History Editor for Concurrent Engineering.- 13.1 Introduction.- 13.2 Design History Editor.- 13.3 User Requirements of the Design History Editor.- 13.4 Technology.- 13.5 Technology Transfer.- 13.6 Concluding Remarks.- 14 "Nouvelle Design": A Pragmatic Approach to CSCW Systems Building.- 14.1 Introduction.- 14.2 Background.- 14.3 Conversation Analysis.- 14.4 User Centred Design.- 14.5 Requirements Capture? Structured Observation.- 14.6 System Specification ? Analyse Observations.- 14.7 Build and Release ? Review, Interpret, Modify.- 14.8 Application of the Design Process.- 14.9 Summary and Conclusions.- References.- Name Index.