The role of military chaplains has changed over the past decade as Western militaries have deployed to highly religious environments such as East Africa, Afghanistan, and Iraq. U.S. military chaplains, who are by definition non-combatants, have been called upon by their war-fighting commanders to take on new roles beyond providing religious services to the troops. Chaplains are now also required to engage the local citizenry and provide their commanders with assessments of the religious and cultural landscape outside the base and reach out to local civilian clerics in hostile territory in pursuit of peace and understanding. In this edited volume, practitioners and scholars chronicle the changes that have happened in the field in the twenty-first century. Using concrete examples, this volume takes a critical look at the rapidly changing role of the military chaplain, and raises issues critical to U.S. foreign and national security policy and diplomacy.

Foreword, Major General Douglas Carver(ret.), former U.S. Army Chief of ChaplainsChapter 1: Introduction: The Modern Military Chaplaincy in the Era of Intervention and Terrorism, Eric PattersonChapter 2: Yesterday and Today: Understanding the Role and Influence of the U.S. Military Chaplaincy, Pauletta OtisChapter 3: Chaplains Advising Warfighters on Culture and Religion, Dayne NixChapter 4: Beginnings: The Army Chaplaincy Responds to the War on Terrorism, Eric KellerChapter 5: The Iraq Inter-Religious Congress and the Baghdad Accords, Micheal HoytChapter 6: Building National Capacity: Training Afghan Chaplains, Steven MooreChapter 7: Religious Advisement and Religious Leader Engagement in the Horn of Africa, Jon CutlerChapter 8: Advising Generals at the CENTCOM Center of Excellence, David WestChapter 9: Spiritual Resiliency: Findings from the U.S. Army "Health of the Force" Surveys (2008-present), Eric WesterChapter 10: Spiritual and Professional Formation Under Stress: A Survey of Military Chaplains, Gary Roberts and L. Diane Hess-HernandezChapter 11: Chaplains, Religion, and the Study of International Relations, Jason Klocek and Ronald Hassner