Beschreibung:
onwhichtherehasbeensigni cantdevelopmentoverthepast10years. Theauthorswhohave contributedchaptersareclearlyamongthosewhoarecurrentlydoingworktoadvanceeitherthe theoreticaldevelopmentofthoseperspectivesortheresearchagendaonthosetheories,orboth. v vi Preface Theyalsowereinstructedtoemphasizethemorerecentdevelopmentsoftherespectivetheories intheirexpositions. PartIIIcontainschaptersaddressing"CriminalJustice-RelatedIssues. "Thereweream- iadofissuesthatcouldhavebeenaddressedinthispart. Wechosetoseekcontributionsonissues thatrelatetheorytopractice. Althoughweseparatethemfromourtheorysection,thesesel- tionscouldhaveeasilybeenincludedthere. Wealsoincludedessaysontwoissuesthatcontinue tobeamongthosethatareofcontinuingconcern,capitalpunishment,andthein uenceofrace andsexintheprocessingofoffendersinthecriminaljusticesystem. Part IV of the Handbook, "Special Topics in Crime and Deviance", is a compilation of issuesthatcontinuetobeorhavebecome'hottopics'inour eld. Theyrangefromgangs,guns, peers,anddrugstoissuessuchaschildabuseanddomesticviolence,cybercrime,andhatecrime. Thereareexcitingtheoreticalandresearchdevelopmentsintheseareas,manyofwhichhavebeen forwardedbytheauthorsofthesechapters. WhenrepresentativesofSpringeraskedustoassembleacompendium,theyspeci cally instructedustoselectarticlesbasedonourvisionofwhatwashappeninginthe eldtoday. Wehaveendeavoredtodothat. Moreimportantly,insolicitingchaptersfromthecontributing authors,weaskedthemtorelyontheirviewofwhatwasofparticularcurrentinterestintheir areaofexpertise. Wefurtherencouragedthemtoincorporatetheirownworkintheseareasin ordertotakefulladvantageoftheirexpertise. Theresultisacompendiumthatincludesan- to-dateassessmentofthestateofthe eldonanumberofextremelyimportanttopicsincrime anddeviance. Wethinkitwillbeavaluableresourcetoestablishedscholarsaswellasstudents whoarebeingintroducedtothe eld. MARVIN D. KROHN Contents I. METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES IN CRIME RESEARCH Alan J. Lizotte 1. Contributions of Cross-National Research to Criminology at the Beginning of the 21st Century . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Janet P. Stamatel Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 WhatDoesCross-NationalCriminologyMean? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 TheValueOfCross-NationalCriminology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 AskingDifferentQuestions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Macro-levelExplanations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 ContextualizingCrimeinTimeandSpace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 MethodologicalChallengesAndNewDevelopments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 QuantitativeApproaches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 QualitativeApproaches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 TheoreticalChallengesAndNewDevelopments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 GrandTheories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 AdaptingIntra-nationalTheoriestotheCross-NationalSetting . . . . . . . . . 15 NewDirectionsforCross-NationalCrimeTheories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 2. Studying the Crime Problem with NIBRS Data: Current Uses and Future Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Lynn A. Addington Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 OverviewOfNIBRS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 OriginsofNIBRSandInitialGoalsforIncident-BasedCrimeData. . . . . . . 24 InformationCollectedbyNIBRS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 vii viii Contents LawEnforcementParticipationinNIBRS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 CurrentUsesOfNIBRSDataToResearchCrime. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 EarlyUsesofNIBRSData. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 ExamplesofCurrentUsesforNIBRSData . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 ChallengesToUsingNIBRSData . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Challenge1:ConcernswithDataQuality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Challenge2:LimitationswithPolice-GeneratedCrimeData . . . . . . . . . . 35 Challenge3:AnalyticalComplexityofNIBRSData . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 FutureTrendsInUsingNIBRSDataToStudyCrime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 AddressingChallenge1:ConcernswithDataQuality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 AddressingChallenge2:LimitationswithPolice-GeneratedCrimeData . . . . 38 AddressingChallenge3:AnalyticalComplexityofNIBRSData. . . . . . . . 39 Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 3. Longitudinal Data and Their Uses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Alan J. Lizotte, David McDowall, and Nicole M. Schmidt Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 TheRochesterYouthDevelopmentStudy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Measures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Cross-SectionalVersusLongitudinalData . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 ExamplesofDifferencesBetweenCross-SectionalandLongitudinal Analyses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Conclusions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Methodological Issues in Crime Research Introduction.- Contributions of Cross-National Research to Criminology at the Beginning of the 21st Century.- Studying the Crime Problem with NIBRS Data: Current Uses and Future Trends.- Longitudinal Data and Their Uses.- Group-Based Modeling: An Overview.- Explanations of Crime Introduction.- Biosocial Criminology.- The Social Learning Theory of Crime and Deviance.- Self-Referent Processes and the Explanation of Deviant Behavior.- Self-Control Theory: Research Issues.- General Strain Theory.- Labeling Theory.- Institutional Anomie Theory: A Macro-sociological Explanation of Crime.- Social Disorganization Theory: Then, Now, and in the Future.- Criminal Justice - Related Issues Introduction.- Deterrence and Decision Making: Research Questions and Theoretical Refinements.- Situational Crime Prevention: Theoretical Background and Current Practice.- Desistance from Crime.- The Flow and Ebb of American Capital Punishment.- The Joint Effects of Offender Race/Ethnicity and Sexon Sentencing Outcomes.- Knowledge to Practice or Knowledge of Practice? A Comparison of Two Approaches to Bringing Science to Service.- Special Topics in Crime and Deviance Introduction.- Peers and Delinquency.- The Many Ways of Knowing: Multi-Method, Comparative Research to Enhance Our Understanding of and Responses to Youth Street Gangs.- Developmental Sequences and Comorbidity of Substance Use and Violence.- Caught in a Crossfire: Legal and Illegal Gun Ownership in America.- Family Violence and Delinquency.- Hate Crimes: Perspectives on Offending and the Law.- Cybercrime.