Providing a guide for marine conservation practice, Marine Conservation takes a whole-systems approach, covering major advances in marine ecosystem understanding. Its premise is that conservation must be informed by the natural histories of organisms together with the hierarchy of scale-related linkages and ecosystem processes. The authors introduce a broad range of overlapping issues and the conservation mechanisms that have been devised to achieve marine conservation goals. The book provides students and conservation practitioners with a framework for thoughtful, critical thinking in order to incite innovation in the 21st century."Marine Conservation presents a scholarly but eminently readable case for the necessity of a systems approach to conserving the oceans, combining superb introductions to the science, law and policy frameworks with carefully chosen case studies. This superb volume is a must for anyone interested in marine conservation, from students and practitioners to lay readers and policy-makers."Simon Levin, George M. Moffett Professor of Biology, Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University

Contributors, ixPreface, xiiAbout the companion website, xiv1 IN PURSUIT OF MARINE CONSERVATION, 11.1 The emergence of modern marine conservation, 11.2 Defining "marine conservation", 41.3 Marine conservation's scope, 41.4 Adapting marine conservation to the 21st century, 52 MARINE CONSERVATION ISSUES, 72.1 Igniting marine conservation concern, 72.2 Primary issues: loss of marine biodiversity, 72.3 Secondary issues: human activities, 132.4 Tertiary issues: emergent and unintended consequences, 302.5 The challenge for the 21st century, 353 MARINE CONSERVATION MECHANISMS, 433.1 The toolkit, 433.2 Biological conservation, 433.3 Spatially explicit conservation, 483.4 Governance: policy, strategy, tactics, 503.5 Policy instruments for marine conservation, 543.6 Management concepts, 653.7 Agents for conservation, 683.8 Conclusion, 704 MARINE SYSTEMS: THE BASE FOR CONSERVATION, 744.1 A systems approach, 744.2 Dynamic planetary forces, 744.3 Major ocean structures and conditions, 784.4 Planetary cycles, 814.5 Major planetary interfaces, 824.6 The dynamic coastal realm, 864.7 The coastal realm: an ecosystem of global importance, 924.8 The ecosystem concept, 974.9 Ecosystem base for conservation, 995 NATURAL HISTORY OF MARINE ORGANISMS, 1055.1 What is natural history?, 1055.2 Darwinian evolution, 1055.3 Diversity of marine life, 1065.4 Life history, 1125.5 Biological associations, 1235.6 Biogeographic patterns in space and time, 1265.7 Biotic functional diversity, 1275.8 "Seascape" as an organizing principle, 1315.9 Natural history: the basis for conservation, 1326 CHESAPEAKE BAY: ESTUARINE RESTORATION WITH AN ENVIRONMENTAL DEBT, 1376.1 The great shellfish bay, 1376.2 Ecological linkages to natural wealth, 1376.3 Eastern oyster: quintessential estuarine species, 1516.4 From resource abundance to ecosystem change, 1546.5 Bay restoration: chartering a course, 1636.6 People shall judge, 1657 BERING SEA SEALS AND WALRUSES: RESPONSES TO ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE, 171G. Carleton Ray, Gary L. Hufford, Thomas R. Loughlin and Igor Krupnik7.1 A short history of dramatic change, 1717.2 Biophysical setting, 1727.3 Marine mammals of the southeastern Bering Sea, 1747.4 Ice-dependent pinnipeds of the northern Bering Sea, 1797.5 Do large marine mammals matter?, 1867.6 The conflict arena, 1917.7 Cultural factors: subsistence hunting, traditional knowledge, and community well-being, 1947.8 Are Beringian pinnipeds and the Bering Sea ecosystem at risk?, 1978 THE BAHAMAS: CONSERVATION FOR A TROPICAL ISLAND NATION, 2008.1 A nation of islands, 2008.2 Biophysical and social setting, 2008.3 Conservation issues, 2078.4 Governance for sustainability, 2228.5 Island system at a crossroads, 2309 THE ISLES OF SCILLY: SUSTAINING BIODIVERSITY, 234Richard M. Warwick9.1 Setting the scene, 2349.2 Physical and biogeographic setting, 2349.3 Measuring and measures of biodiversity, 2379.4 Sustaining biodiversity from possible threats, 2539.5 Conservation legislation, mechanisms, and voluntary actions, 2569.6 The conservation status of Scilly, 26010 GWAII HAANAS: FROM CONFLICT TO COOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT, 262N. A. Sloan10.1 Nation-to-nation pursuit of land-sea conservation, 26210.2 Natural heritage, 26310.3 Cultural and commercial heritage, 27210.4 Integrating land-sea conservation, 27810.5 Crucible for ecosystem-based management, 28411 SOUTH AFRICA: COASTAL-MARINE CONSERVATION AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN A DYNAMIC SOCIO-POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT, 288Barry Clark and Allan Heydorn11.1 A challenge for governance, 28811.2 South Africa's coastal realm: physical, biotic, and human setting, 28911.3 Major conservation issues of South African coasts, 29411.4 Coastal resource management: past and present, 30311.5 In pursuit of the Kogelberg Biosphere Reserve, 30611.6 The future of coastal management in South Africa, 31112 SPECIES-DRIVEN CONSERVATION OF PATAGONIAN SEASCAPES, 315Claudio Campagna, Valeria Falabella, and Victoria Zavattieri12.1 Darwin's Patagonia, 31512.2 A conservation dilemma, 31612.3 Oceanographic and biogeographic settings, 31912.4 Conservation setting: the status of a non-pristine ocean, 32212.5 Seascape species: a first approach to setting conservation priorities, 32312.6 From seascape spaces to important foraging areas, 32412.7 The concept of "Large Ocean Reserves", 32612.8 A first step towards a Patagonian Sea LOR: candidate areas for conservation, 33112.9 Making slow progress, 335References, 336Suggested readings, 33713 FROM BEING TO BECOMING: A FUTURE VISION, 33913.1 The new normal, 33913.2 From being . . . , 33913.3 . . . to becoming, 34013.4 Emerging concepts for marine conservation, 34413.5 Look to the future, 353References, 353Species index, 357Subject index, 361