Commercial interest for unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) has seen a steady increase over the last decade. Nevertheless, UAS operations have remained almost exclusively military. This is mainly due to the lack of a regulatory framework that allows only limited public and civil UAS operations with usually crippling restrictions. Although efforts from the Federal Aviation Administration and its partners are already underway to integrate UAS in the National Airspace System (NAS), the appropriate regulation will not be ready for several more years. In the meantime UAS developers need to be aware of the current operational restrictions, as well as make informed decisions on their research and development efforts so that their designs will be airworthy when the regulatory framework is in place.

Manned aviation regulations: Introduction to the FAA regulation; airworthiness certification; basic operating rules; airspace classes; pilot certificationHistory and current status of UAS regulation in the US: From military to public/civil UAS; FAA involvement; current certification paths
International regulatory efforts: European Union; Canada; Australia; South Africa; preparing for civil UAS operations
Future prospects: UAS classification for regulatory purposes; adaptation of current regulation; technology and testing; operator training; certification paths
UAS Reliability requirements: Target level of safety based on manned aviation safety record; risk evaluation of UAS accidents; deriving reliability requirements
See and Avoid Technology

1 Introduction .
1.1 Motivation and Rationale
1.2 Background Information
1.3 Definitions and Clarifications
1.4 On Regulating Safety
1.5 Book Objectives and Outline
References
2 Aviation History and UAS
2.1 Early Designs
2.2 Modern Systems
2.3 Remarks
References
3 Current Manned Aviation Regulation
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Airworthiness Certification
3.3 Special Aircraft Categories
3.4 Pilot Certification
3.5 FAR Operation Rules
3.6 Airspace Classes
3.7 Regulation Development Models
References
4 Unmanned Aircraft Systems Regulation
4.1 Introduction
4.2 International Civil Aviation Organization
4.3 United States
4.4 Europe
4.5 Australia
4.6 Canada
4.7 Japan
4.8 Military Regulations
References
5 UAS Safety Assessment and Functional Requirements
5.1 Equivalent Level of Safety
5.2 Translating an Accident TLS to System Reliability Requirements ..
5.3 Case Studies
References
6 Thoughts and Recommendations on a UAS Integration Roadmap ...
6.1 Regulation Development
6.2 Operational Risk Reference System
6.3 UAS Classification
6.3.2 Classification Based on Mid-air Coffision Risk
6.3.3 Classification Based on Autonomy
6.3.4 Other Classifications
6.4 Certification Paths
6.5 Operator Training and Certification
6.6 Technology Issues
References
7 Epilogue
7.1 WhyUAS9
7.2 UAS for Military Applications and Related Challenges
7.3 UAS for Civilian Applications: Challenges and Issues
7.4 Challenges, Enabling Technologies
7.5 The Road Ahead
References
A Ground fatality probabifity model sensitivity analysis
A.1 Background
A.2 Analysis
A.2. 1 Kinetic Energy at Impact Results
A.2.2 Parameter a Results
A.2.3 Sheltering Factor Results
A.3 Discussion
References
B UAS Reference
Index