This vivid and thought-provoking book by the Israeli logician Nimrod Bar-Am impels one to rethink the place of logic in Western thought. It shows that the history of logic from Aristotle to Tarski is the history of the gradual undoing of the classic conflation of logic and empirical science. It sets tomorrow's agenda for philosophers and historians of logic and scientific method by taking as its starting point the mere fact that, curiously, ancient logic is not as formal as current literature presents it. Rather, as Bar-Am explains, modern formal logic became possible only after a series of bold criticisms of the magnificent Aristotelian system. These criticisms begin with David Hume's declaration that logic does not sanction induction, follow on with Kant's view of logic as an extremely limited system, and culminating with Booles' introduction of logic as an extensional system, and Russell's solution to his own paradox.

Provides a broad, concise, accurate and up-to-date overview of the history of logic (up to and including the early modern period)

Preliminary Notes.- Outline of Preliminary Notes.- Setting the Scene: Some Notes on the Pre-history of Logic.- The Mother of All Conflations: Parmenides' Proof.- Early Disagreements Concerning the Power of Proofs: The Uses and Misuses of Dialogues.- The Sophists' Challenge.- Aristotle's Logic: The Rise of Essentialism.- The Beginning is the Term.- Chimera in the Dusk: Essentialism.- Semantics is not Ontology.- The Mother of All Matrices, or, How Terms Spawn Definitions and Syllogisms.- The Conflation of the Source with the True, Good and Beautiful (Source).- Induction as Spell-Casting.- The Birth of Induction from Sea Foam.- Taxonomy of Reality by Syllogism.- Essentialism Besieged.- Ad Hominem Logic: Logic between Aristotle and Boole.- The Neglect of Judgment.- Leibniz as Aristotle and Boole Conflated.- Why Transcendental Logic is no Logic at All.- The Fall of Essentialism.- Extensionalism as Exorcism.- Mathematical Logic: An Oxymoron.- The Last Step.