A comprehensive and concise history of capitalism from its origins to todayIn this authoritative and accessible book, one of the world's most renowned historians provides a concise and comprehensive history of capitalism within a global perspective from its medieval origins to the 2008 financial crisis and beyond. From early commercial capitalism in the Arab world, China, and Europe, to nineteenth- and twentieth-century industrialization, to today's globalized financial capitalism, Jürgen Kocka offers an unmatched account of capitalism, one that weighs its great achievements against its great costs, crises, and failures. Based on intensive research, the book puts the rise of capitalist economies in social, political, and cultural context, and shows how their current problems and foreseeable future are connected to a long history.Sweeping in scope, the book describes how capitalist expansion was connected to colonialism; how industrialism brought unprecedented innovation, growth, and prosperity but also increasing inequality; and how managerialism, financialization, and globalization later changed the face of capitalism. The book also addresses the idea of capitalism in the work of thinkers such as Marx, Weber, and Schumpeter, and chronicles how criticism of capitalism is as old as capitalism itself, fed by its persistent contradictions and recurrent emergencies.Authoritative and accessible, Capitalism is an enlightening account of a force that has shaped the modern world like few others.

Preface to the English Edition vii1. What Does Capitalism Mean? 1
The Emergence of a Controversial Concept 1
Three Classics: Marx, Weber, and Schumpeter 7
Other Voices and a Working Definition 16
2. Merchant Capitalism 25
China and Arabia 26
Europe: Dynamic Latecomer 35
Interim Findings around 1500 49
3. Expansion 54
Business and Violence: Colonialism and World Trade 54
Joint-Stock Company and Finance Capitalism 58
Plantation Economy and Slavery 65
Agrarian Capitalism, Mining, and Proto-Industrialization 70
Capitalism, Culture, and Enlightenment: Adam Smith in Context 84
4. The Capitalist Era 95
The Contours of Industrialization and Globalization since 1800 96
From Ownership to Managerial Capitalism 104
Financialization 114
Work in Capitalism 124
Market and State 145
5. Analysis and Critique 162
Notes 171
Bibliography 181
Index of Names 197