This Handbook serves as a unique resource for understanding how analytical frameworks developed within the literature assist in understanding the nature and management of commons resources.

1. Introduction: Commons Analytical Frameworks and Case Studies Part I: theoretical frameworks and alternative lenses for analyzing commons 2. Bridging Analytical Frameworks and Disciplines to Which They Apply 3. Using the Ostrom Workshop Frameworks to Study the Commons 4. Polycentricity 5. Connecting Commons and the IAD Framework 6. Anticommons Theory 7. Knowledge Commons 8. Commons Storytelling: Tragedies, Comedies, and Tragicomedies 9. Common-pool Resource Appropriation and Conservation: Lessons from Experimental Economics 10. Humanistic Rational Choice: Understanding the Fundamental Motivations that Drive Self-Organization and Cooperation in Commons Dilemmas Part II: commons interdisciplinary case Studies 11. The US Public Lands as Commons 12. Water Commons: A Critical Appreciation and Revisionist View 13. Commons Analysis and Ocean Fisheries 14. Coastal Commons as Social-ecological Systems 15. Climate as a Commons 16. Governing Wildlife Commons: Wild Boars, Wolves, and Red Kites 17. Ecosystem Services as Commons? 18. Urban commons of the Global South: Using multiple frames to illuminate complexity 19. Ostrom in the City: Design Principles and Practices for the Urban Commons 20. Infrastructure and its Governance: The British Broadcasting Corporation Case Study 21. Medical Information Commons 22. Ethical Standards for Unconsented Data Access to Build Genomic and Other Medical Information Commons 23. Technology Dependent Commons 24. From Historical Institution to pars pro toto: the Commons and Their Revival in Historical Perspective 25. Customary Authority and Commons Governance 26. The Role of Pseudo-Commons in Post-Socialist Countries 27. Facilitated Self-Governance of the Commons: On the Roles of Civil Society Organizations in the Governance of Shared Resource Systems 28. Commons, Indigenous Rights, and Governance 29. Globalization, Local Commons, and the Multiscale Ecosystem Framework (MEF) Part III: A global context 30. Bigger Issues in a Smaller World: The Future of the Commons 31. Protecting the Global Commons: The Politics of Planetary Boundaries