Bioassays are among the ecotoxicologist's most effective weapons in the evaluation of water quality and the assessment of ecological impacts of effluents, chemicals, discharges, and emissions on the aquatic environment. Information on these assessment aids is needed throughout the international scientific and environmental management community. This comprehensive reference provides an excellent overview of the small-scale aquatic bioassay techniques and applications currently in use around the world.This special volume is the result of several years of collaboration between Environment Canada and Fisheries and Oceans Canada. Internationally recognized research scientists at many institutions have contributed to this state-of-the-art examination of the exciting, environmentally important field of microscale testing in aquatic toxicology.Microscale Testing in Aquatic Toxicology contains over forty chapters covering relevant principles, new techniques and recent advancements, and applications in scientific research, environmental management, academia, and the private sector.

PART ONE: INTRODUCTIONMicroscale Testing in Aquatic Toxicology: Introduction, Historical Perspective, and Context, C. Blaise, P.G. Wells, and K. LeePART TWO: MICROSCALE TESTING AT VARIOUS BIOLOGICAL AND PHYLOGENETIC LEVELSBiochemical AssaysImmunoassays: Applications for the Aquatic Environment, A. Dankwardt, S. Pullen, and B. HockEnvironmental Applications with Submitochondrial Particles, H.W. Read, J.M. Harkin, and K.E. GustavsonBioassays to Measure MFO Inducers in Effluents, P.V. Hodson, J. Sherry, and J. ParrottEnzyme Inhibition for Examination of Toxic Effects in Aquatic Systems, U. Obst, A. Wessler, and M. Weigand-RosinusTissue Culture AssaysSponge Cells and Tissue as Biological Monitors of Aquatic Pollution, W.E.G. Müller and I.M. MüllerThe Use of Fish Cells in the Toxicological Evaluation of Environmental Contaminants, F. DenizeauIn Vitro Assays for Detection of Non-Genotoxic Carcinogens, M.J. Durand, V. Cruciani, S. Alexandre, J.C. Hoflack, H. Bessi, C. Blaise, and P. VasseurBacteriaMicrobial Enzyme Assays for the Detection of Heavy Metal Toxicity, G. Bitton and J.L. MorelATP-TOX System - A Review, H.H. XuLuminescent Bacterial Biosensors for the Rapid Detection of Toxicants, S.F. Briscoe, J. Cai, and M.S. DuBowStress-Responsive Luminous Bacteria for Toxicity and Genotoxicity Monitoring, S. BelkinMicrotox® Toxicity Test Systems - Where They Stand Today, A. Qureshi, A.A. Bulich, and D. IsenbergMicrotox® Toxicity Test System - New Developments and Applications, B.T. JohnsonMeasurement of Microbial Exoenzyme Activity in Sediments for Environmental Impact Assessment, K. Lee and K.L. TaySmall-Scale In Vitro Genotoxicity Tests for Bacteria and Invertebrates, P.D. Hansen and A. HerbertMicroalgaeRecent Advances in Toxicity Test Methods Using Kelp Gametophytes. B.S. Anderson, J.W. Hunt, and W. PiekarskiMicroplate Toxicity Tests with Micro-Algae: A Review, C. Blaise, J.-F. Férard, and P. VasseurEcophysiological Considerations in Microalgal Toxicity Tests, C. Nalewajko and M.M. OlavesonDevelopment and First Validation of a "Stock-Culture Free" Algal Microbiotest: The Algaltoxkit, G. PersooneProtozoaCiliated Protozoa as Test Organisms in Toxicity Assessments, G.L. Gilron and D.H. LynnDevelopment of a Protozoan Chemoattraction Inhibition Assay for Evaluating Toxicity of Aquatic Pollutants, S.G. Berk and R.O. RobertsCiliate Microbiotest Applications: Metal Contaminants in Water and Soil, J.R. Pratt, D.G. Mochan, and N.J. BowersInvertebratesUtility and Practical Considerations for In Vitro Developmental Toxicity Testing: Hydra and FETAX Assays, E.M. JohnsonMicroscale Bioassays for Corals, M. BrantonThe Use of Larvae and Small Species of Polychaetes in Marine Toxicological Testing, D. J. ReishDevelopment of a Canadian Marine Toxicity Test for Whole Sediment Using Cultured Spionid Polychaetes, P. Pocklington and K.G. DoeMicroscale Toxicity Testing with Rotifers, T.W. Snell and C.R. JanssenRecent Advances in Microscale Toxicity Testing with Marine Mollusks, J.W. Hunt, B.S. Anderson, and B.M. PhillipsDevelopment and Validation of Toxkit Microbiotests with Invertebrates, in Particular Crustaceans, G. PersooneDeath by Mud: Amphipod Sediment Toxicity Tests, P.M. ChapmanPhysiological Dysfunction in Estuarine Mysids and Larval Decapods with Chronic Pesticide Exposure, C.L. McKenneyTeleosts and AmphibiansAquatic Testing with Early Life Stages of Killifish, J.S. Weis and P. WeisGenetoxicity in Fish Embryos, A. Herbert and P.-D. HansenGenotoxicity Tests in Amphibians: A Review, V. Ferrier, L. Gauthier, C. Zoll-Moreux, and J. L'HaridonMulti-Trophic Assessment in PracticeMarine and Estuarine Porewater Toxicity Testing, R.S. CarrCorrespondence of a Microscale Toxicity Test to Responses to Toxicants in Natural Systems, J. Cairns, B.R. Niederlehner, and E.P. SmithRole of Microbiotests in Contaminated Sediment Assessment Batteries, P. RossPART THREE: VALIDATION, APPLICATIONS, AND TRAINING WITH MICROSCALE TESTINGThe Influence of Particle Size, Ammonia, and Sulfide on Toxicity of Dredged Materials for Ocean Disposal, K.L. Tay, K.G. Doe, A.J. MacDonald, and K. LeeOil Spill Treating Agents: Present Knowledge and Toxicity Testing Needs, A.J. MearnsThe Development, Validation, and Analysis of Salmonella Mutagenicity Test Methods for Environmental Situations, L.D. ClaxtonInvestigating the Sources and Fate of Genotoxic Substances in Aquatic Ecosystems with the SOS Chromotest, P.A. White and C. CótéThe Development and Application of Sediment Toxicity Tests for Regulatory Purposes, M.G. NipperPART FOUR: THE FUTURE - RESEARCH CHALLENGESMicroscale Testing in Aquatic Toxicology: Conclusions and Future Directions, K. Lee, P.G. Wells, and C. BlaiseGlossaryIndexes