A profile in socio-technical terms of ways that innovation is manifested in American, European, and Asian knowledge-based innovation networks and knowledge clusters. Twelve conceptual and empirical studies are presented that contribute to a better understanding of the role of knowledge in technological entrepreneurship.

Introduction; Elias Carayannis and Piero Formica Knowledge Transfer Mechanisms From Universities and Other HEIs to the SME Sector; Piero Formica (with the contributions of Professor Urmas Varblane and Töbis Mets) Mesoeconomic Structure, Innovation and Complexity: The Concept of Mesoeconomic Plexus; George Chorafakis, Patrice Laget   Technological Knowledge Through the Looking Glass: Distributed Cognition and Co-Adaptation In Mesoeconomic Plexuses; George Chorafakis and Patrice Laget Evolution of the Bangalore ICT Cluster: A Stage Theory Based on Crystal Growth Model; Mathew J Manimala A Model of an Innovation System with a Position Regulation of Science and Technology Parks Within Innovation Networks; Holger Graf And Randolf Margull Knowledge Appropriation and The Complexity of Regional Innovation Systems: A Conceptual Precursor to Simulation; Michael Provance Product Innovation as Micro-Strategy: The 'Innovation-Based Diversification' View; Seppo Hänninen and Ilkka Kauranen 'The Strength of Strong Ties' - University Spin-offs and the Significance of Historical Relations; Mattias Johansson, Merle Jacob And Tomas Hellstrom Patent Strength and Diminishing Knowledge Spillovers: The Quest for the Optimal Patent; Andreas Panagopoulos Consumer Learning Roadmap: New Buzzword or Necessary Tool? Seppo Hänninen And Birgitta Sandberg              Knowledge Economy-New Trends of Economy Of The 21st Century; Wu Jisong