In the 1980s, philosophical, historical and social studies of science underwent a change which later evolved into a turn to practice. Analysts of science were asked to pay attention to scientific practices in meticulous detail and along multiple dimensions, including the material, social and psychological. Following this turn, the interest in scientific practices continued to increase and had an indelible influence in the various fields of science studies. No doubt, the practice turn changed our conceptions and approaches of science, but what did it really teach us? What does it mean to study scientific practices? What are the general lessons, implications, and new challenges?This volume explores questions about the practice turn using both case studies and theoretical analysis. The case studies examine empirical and mathematical sciences, including the engineering sciences. The volume promotes interactions between acknowledged experts from different, often thought of as conflicting, orientations. It presents contributions in conjunction with critical commentaries that put the theses and assumptions of the former in perspective. Overall, the book offers a unique and diverse range of perspectives on the meanings, methods, lessons, and challenges associated with the practice turn.

Introduction Léna Soler, Sjoerd Zwart, Michael Lynch, and Vincent Israël-Jost 1. Some Notions of Action Jean-Michel Salanskis; Commentary Jean-Luc Gangloff and Catherine Allamel-Raffin 2. Epistemic Activities and Systems of Practice: Units of Analysis in Philosophy of Science After the Practice Turn Hasok Chang; Commentary Léna Soler and Régis Catinaud 3. From Normative to Descriptive and Back: Science and Technology Studies and the Practice Turn Michael Lynch; Commentary Vincent Israel-Jost and Katherina Kinzel 4. Chemistry's Periodic Law: Rethinking Representation and Explanation after the Turn to Practice Andrea I. Woody; Commentary Régis Catinaud and Frédéric Wieber 5. Epistemic Dependence in Contemporary Science: Practices and Malpractices Hanne Andersen; Commentary Cyrille Imbert 6. Values in Engineering: From Object-worlds to Socio-technical Systems Louis Bucciarelli; Commentary Sjoerd D. Zwart 7. The Impact of the Philosophy of Mathematical Practice on the Philosophy of Mathematics Jean-Paul van Bendegem; Commentary Caroline Jullien and Léna Soler 8. Observing Mathematical Practices as a Key to Mining our Sources and Conducting Conceptual History. Division in Ancient China as a Case Study Karine Chemla; Commentary Amirouche Moktefi, Mélissa Arneton, Catherine Allamel-Raffin 9. Scientific Practice and the Scientific Image Joseph Rouse; Commentary Emiliano Trizio