This dissertation is a historical investigation of the relationship between science and society through the comparative study of eugenics movements as they developed in both Japan and China from the 1890's to the 1940's.

List of Tables Acknowledgements 1. Introduction A. Eugenics: A Global Interest B. Eugenics: Local Signification Concluding Remarks 2. Eugenics and Scientific Disciplines The American Connection and Nazi Connection Transplantation: Medicine and Biology Local Science and Competition Strategy Eugenics and Disciplining Learning Concluding Remarks 3. Lamarckism versus Mendelism: The Politics of Body and Heredity Symptoms: National Character and the Eugenicists' Presentation Diagnosis and Remedies: Eugenic Proposals, Lamarckian or Mendelian? A. China B. Japan Concluding Remarks 4. Birth Control or Sex Control?: Eugenics and Reproduction Sexuality versus Morality: Margaret Sanger and the Birth Control Movement in China and Japan Politics of Reproduction Knowledge: Women Scientists and their Lives Concluding Remarks 5. Eugenics in the Second Sino-Japanese War and Population Policies Japanese Eugenicists' Involvement and Population Policy: Constructing Ethnic Body and Racial Body Chinese Eugenic Solution and Population Policy: Constructing an Ethnic Nation Conclusion: Postwar Reflections of Two Eugenicists 6. Conclusion: What Can We Learn From Eugenics? 7. Epilogue: The Comeback of Eugenics Discourse Bibliography Index