This handbook brings together original contributions from leading scholars in criminology and criminal justice to provide an in-depth look at the most important topics in corrections. The book discusses the foundations of corrections in the U.S., philosophical issues that have guided historical movements, different types of punishment and supervision, trends in incarceration, issues affecting race and ethnicity, special populations, and a variety of other emerging issues in corrections. This book is an essential reference for academics and practitioners working in corrections and related agencies, as well as for students of criminal justice, criminology, and related subjects.

Preface Author Biographies Section One: Correctional Philosophies 1. Deterrence and Imprisonment 2. Victim Rights and Retribution 3. Incapacitation and Sentencing 4. Rehabilitation and the Rehabilitative Ideal 5. Restorative Justice Section Two: Punishment and Correctional Sanctions in the United States 6. Banishment and Residency Restrictions in the United States 7. Economic Sanctions 8. Corporal Punishment 9. Capital Punishment in America 10. Jails in America 11. Prisons in the United States 12. Women's Incarceration in the United States: Continuity and Change 13. Juvenile Corrections in the United States 14. A Brief History of Private Prisons in the United States Section Three: Community Corrections and Alternative Sanctions 15. Probation in the United States: A Historical and Modern Perspective 16. Parole Process and Practice 17. Community Supervision Officers: An Overview and Discussion of Contemporary Ideas 18. Halfway Houses/House Arrest 19. Day Reporting Centers/Work-Release Programs 20. Boot Camp Prisons in an Era of Evidence-Based Practices 21. Specialty Courts Section Four: Issues Affecting Corrections and Punishment 22. The War on Drugs and American Corrections 23. Mass Incarceration 24. Religion in Correctional Settings and Faith-Based Programming 25. Drug Treatment Trends and the Use of Criminal Justice to Address Substance Use Disorder 26. Law of Corrections 27. Evidence-Based or Evidence-Informed Practices: The Partially Clothed Emperor 28. Race/Ethnicity, Sentencing, and Corrections 29. Corrections and Mental Illness 30. Sex Offenders Section Five: Issues Affecting Incarceration 31. Correctional Facility Overcrowding 32. Inmate Code and Prison Culture 33. When Women are Captive: Women's Prisons and Culture Within 34. Correctional Healthcare 35. Solitary Confinement and Supermax Custody 36. The Importance of Prison Visitation in the Era of Mass Incarceration 37. Prison Gangs 38. Prison Inmate Economy 39. Sexuality in Correctional Facilities 40. Examining the World of Correctional Officers Section Six: Effects of Corrections and Post-Sanction Issues 41. The Effect of Corrections on Communities and Families 42. Sex Offender Civil Commitment 43. Felon Disenfranchisement 44. Reentry in the U.S.: A Review 45. Offender Recidivism Index