First Published in 2002. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Contents List of Illustrations Acknowledgments Contributors Intro duction A School for Every Purpose: An Introduction to the History of Academies in the United States Kim Tolley and Nancy Beadie Institutions: Origins and Purposes Mapping the Landscape of Higher Schooling, 1750 - 1850 Kim Tolley From Anstalt to Academy: Moravian Boarding Education for Native American Children in the Eighteenth Century Amy C. Schutt A Triumph of Reason: Female Education in Academies in the New Republic Margaret A. Nash Students: Meaning and Culture Internal Improvement: The Structure and Culture of Academy Expansion in New York State in the Antebellum Era, 1820-1860 Nancy Beadie Endeavor to Improve Yourself: The Education of White Women in the Antebellum South Kathryn Walbert A Good and Delicious Country: Free Children of Color and How They Learned to Imagine the Atlantic World in Nineteenth-Century Louisiana Mary Niall Mitchell Teachers and Institutions: Challenges and Opportunities Leaving Home to Teach: The Diary of Susan Nye Hutchison, 1815-1841 Kim Tolley and Margaret A. Nash Creating an Educational Interest: Sophia Sawyer, Teacher of the Cherokee Teri Castelow Alternative Pedagogy: The Rise of the Private Black Academy in Early Postbellum Mississippi, 1862-1870 Chris Span The Chinese Western Military Academies in the United States, 1902-1911 Carol Huang Systems: Competition, Struggle, and Transformation Let the People Remember It: Academies and the Rise of High Schools, 1865 to 1890 Sevan Terzian and Nancy Beadie Betrothed to the State?: Nineteenth-Century Academies Confront the Rise of the State Normal Schools Christine Ogren Many Years Before the Mayflower: Catholic Academies and the Development of Parish High Schools in the United States, 1727 - 1925 Kim Tolley Conclusion Legacies of the Academy Nancy Beadie Index