Vedanayagam Samuel Azariah was bishop of the Anglican Church in Indian during 1912-1945. This text discusses the key events and issues of his public life, including the political and religious disagreements between Azariah and Gandhi.

Maps and Illustrations, Abbreviations, A Note on Transliteration, Acknowledgments, Introduction, PART I: THE RISE, Local Background: Secure Roots and a Spiritual Core, Pan-Asian Ecumenism: A Vision beyond Nations, Indigenous National Base: A Nonpolitical Missionary, PART II: THE REIGN, Bishop in the British Empire: Church-State Conflict under the Raj, Bishop in the Indian Church: Race and Identity Formation, Bishop in Andhra: Local Transformation through Conversion, PART III: THE RESOLUTIONS, Overcoming Divisions in Christendom, Overcoming Caste and Culture in India, PART IV: THE RIFT, The Conflict with Gandhi and Political Nationalism, Conclusion, Bibliography, A. Primary Materials, L Manuscripts, II. Interviews, III. Letters, IV. Azariah's Publications, V. Henry Whitehead's Publications, VI. Printed Primary Sources, B. Secondary Sources, I. Works about Azariah, II. Printed Secondary Sources, Index