The global security environment in the last five years has been characterised by a state of 'no war, no peace' among major powers, resulting in a state of uncertainty about their national security objectives. For instance, the United States has been concerned about the attitudes of Iran, Russia, North Korea, China, and others, and yet did not expect a direct military conflict with them. On the other hand, China has expanded its naval strategy from a mere 'off-shore defence' to 'open seas protection' and has called for both 'defence and offence' instead of merely 'territorial air defence', thereby indicating preparedness for the possibility of a military confrontation.

Governing Board. Editorial Board. About the Editor. List of Illustrations. List of Tables. List of Contributors. Preface 1. Introduction I. National Security Review 2. National Security Environment (i) Global Security Trends (ii) External Security Situation - I (US, China, Russia, Europe, Japan, Pakistan) (iii) External Security Situation - II (Asia, Africa) (iv) Internal Security Developments (v) India's Defence Initiatives II. India's Security Zone 3. India-Iran Relations: Potential and Challenges 4. India's Gulf Agenda: From Strategic Diffidence to Active Equidistance 5. New Vistas in India-Myanmar Relations 6. Indian Ocean Strategy and Vulnerabilities III. Challenges for India 7. 'Make in India' for Military Needs: A View from the Private Sector 8. Water Security: Need for Paradigm Shift 9. Islamic Radicalisation in South Asia 10. Strategic Motivations for India's Cybersecurity: Risks, Capabilities and Promises IV. Assessing Internal Security 11. Youth, Employment and National Security 12. Agricultural Productivity in National Security Planning 13. Border Management for National Security 14. Left-Wing Extremist Movement: Dynamics and Complexities V. Changing Security Environment 15. China's Anti-Access Area Denial (A2AD) Strategy 16. India's Strategic Landscape, Hybrid Threats and Likely Operational Scenarios 17. Global Governance Reforms: Prospects for India VI. National Security Assessment: Unmitigated Threats, Diffident Responses. Index