This edited volume explores migration movements to Norway, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and Portugal from Brazil, Morocco and Ukraine, focusing on how the migration processes of yesterday influence those of today. The central analytical tool for this undertaking is the concept of feedback. This volume identifies various feedback mechanisms that initiate, perpetuate and reverse migration movements. It pays attention to the role of personal networks, but it also moves beyond networks by analysing the role of institutions, macro-level factors and forms of broadcast feedback operating through impersonal channels. Based on extensive surveys and in-depth interviews, it changes our understanding of how and why patterns of international migration change over time.

1. Introduction: Feedback in Migration Processes; Oliver Bakewell; Agnieszka Kubal; Sonia Pereira2. Exploring twelve migration corridors: rationale, methodology, and overview; Jørgen Carling; Dominique Jolivet3. New roles for social networks in migration? Assistance in Brazilian migration to Portugal and The Netherlands; Masja van Meeteren; Sonia Pereira4. Online Feedback in Migration Networks; Rianne Dekker; Godfried Engbersen; Marije Faber5. The impact of class on feedback mechanisms. Brazilian migration to Norway, Poland and the UK; Cindy Horst; Sonia Pereira; Olivia Sheringham6. The economic crisis as a feedback generating mechanism? Brazilian and Ukrainian migration to Portugal; Maria Lucinda Fonseca; Alina Esteves; Jennifer McGarrigle 7. From bridgeheads to gate closers. How migrant networks contribute to declining migration from Morocco to the Netherlands; Erik Snel; Godfried Engbersen; Marije Faber8. Making and breaking a chain: migrants' decisions about helping others migrate; Jørgen Carling 9. Broadcasting migration outcomes; Oliver Bakewell; Dominique Jolivet10. Migration mechanisms of the middle range. On the concept of reverse cumulative causation; Godfried Engbersen; Erik Snel; Alina Esteves11. Beyond networks: insights on feedback and mechanisms of the middle range; Godfried Engbersen; Erik Snel; Cindy Horst