This book examines the city in the Ottoman Empire as a thoroughfare and destination of human migration. Drawing upon case studies from across the Middle East and Europe it provides new insights on Ottoman institutions and the structure of society.

1. Migration and the Making of Urban Modernity in the Ottoman Empire and Beyond 2. The Ottoman Urban Governance of Migrations and the Stakes of Modernity 3. The Ottoman City Council and the Beginning of the Modernization of Urban Space in the Balkans 4. Foreigners in Town: Urban Immigration and Local Attitudes in the Romanian Principalities in the Mid-Nineteenth Century 5. Mobility and Governance in Early Modern Marseilles 6. Pearl Towns and Early Oil Cities: Migration and Integration in the Arab coast of the Persian Gulf 7. Migration and the State: On Ottoman Regulations Concerning Migration Since the Age of Mahmud II 8. Governance in Transition: Competing Immigrant Networks in Early Nineteenth-Century Egypt 9. Armenian Labour Migration to Istanbul and the Migration Crisis of the 1890s 10. Immigration into the Ottoman Territory: The Case of Salonica in the Late Nineteenth Century 11. Migrant Builders and Craftsmen in the Founding Phase of Modern Athens 12. The City and the Stranger: Jeddah in the 19th Century 13. 'I would rather be in the Orient'. European Lower Class Immigrants into the Ottoman Land