First published in 1998. Over three hundred letters and documents have recently been discovered at the fort of Vindolanda, written on wooden tablets which have amazingly survived nearly 2000 years. Painstakingly deciphered by Alan Bowman and J. David Thomas, they have contributed a wealth of evidence for daily life in the Roman Empire. From the military documents we learn of the strength and activities of the units stationed at Vindolanda. The accounts testify to the lifestyle of officers and ordinary soldiers, with payments for pepper and oil, towels and tallow, boots and beer. Then there are snapshots of domestic life in letters between the officers' wives, including a birthday invitation (see front cover). Most fascinating of all is the evidence for a high level of literacy in the Roman army, where even someone of humble rank receives a letter from home promising him a parcel of socks. Alan Bowman's lively summary of this new evidence is followed by the texts of 38 key tablets, in Latin and in translation, including new tablets found in 1991-4, which bring the reader very close to the actual people who inhabited Vindolanda in 100 AD.

I INTRODUCTION 2 THE WRITING-TABLETS 3 STRATEGIES OF OCCUPATION 4 THE ROMAN ARMY 5 OFFICERS AND MEN, AND WOMEN 6 SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC LIFE ON THE FRONTIER 7 LETTERS AND LITERACY APPENDIX I: TECHNICAL TERMINOLOGY, APPENDIX II: THE TEXTS