Image-based research methods, such as arts-based research, can fill the absence of the voice of impoverished, under-privileged populations. In What We See and What We Say, Ephrat Huss argues that images are deep and universally psycho-neurological constructs through which people process their experiences. The theoretical model demonstrated in this book demonstrates that images can be used to enable three different levels of communication: with self, with others similar to oneself, and with others who differ in terms of culture and power. Dr. Huss centers her argument on a case study of impoverished Bedouin women's groups in Israel who used art as self-expression, and includes many additional examples such as unemployed women and teenage girls in slums, women who have underwent sexual abuse, and the experiences of illegal immigrants. Ultimately, the author points to how the inherent structural characteristics of images help to intensify the voices of marginalized groups in research, therapy, empowerment, and social action.

Introduction Part I: Art as a Speech Act from the Margins: A Case Study of Impoverished Bedouin Women's Images 1. Social Context: Background to the Bedouin Women's Case Study 2. Working with Images: Method of the Case Study 3. Bedouin Women's Images on the Level of Content 4. Pain and Resilience as Seen in the Compositional Elements of the Bedouin Women's Images Part II: Using Images from a Socially Contextualized Perspective within Social Research and Practice 5. Using Images in Research from a Social Perspective 6. Methodological Implications of Using Images within Research 7. Art Therapy: The Missing Social Theory of Art Therapy 8. Methodology of a Socially Contextualized Art Therapy 9. Images as Group Empowerment and Action 10. Images in Conflict Negotiation with Power Holders 11. Summary