First Published in 1995. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Series Editors' Preface, Introduction, I. The Concept of Approach/Withdrawal as Fundamental to the Analysis of Behavioral Development, 1. The Historical Development of the Approach/Withdrawal Concept, 2. Dialectical and Dynamical Systems of Approach and Withdrawal: Is Fighting a Fractal Form?, 3. Approach/Withdrawal Theory and Comparative Psychology, 4. Schneirla's A/W Biphasic Processes Theory, II. Approach/Withdrawal-Biochemical and Neural Processes, 5. Cellular and Network Processes Involved in Biphasic Responses to Noxious Stimulation in Aplysia: Prospects for a Reductionist Analysis, 6. Nerve Growth Factor and Cholinergic Development: Biochemical Levels in Approach/Withdrawal Processes, 7. What and Where Are Memories?, III. Approach/Withdrawal-Socialization, 8. An Analysis of Approach/Withdrawal Processes in the Initiation of Maternal Behavior in the Laboratory Rat, 9. The Mediation of Aggressive Behavior in Mice: A Discussion of Approach/Withdrawal Processes in Social Adaptations, 10. Beyond Attachments: Toward a General Theory of the Development of Relationships in Infancy, IV. Approach/Withdrawal and Individual Differences, 11. The Approach/Withdrawal Concept: Associations with Salient Constructs in Contemporary Theories of Temperament and Personality Development, 12. Approach/Withdrawal Processes in Infancy: The Relationship between Parasympathetic Tone and Infant Temperament, V. The Concept of Levels in Approach/Withdrawal Theory, 13. One View of the Concept of Integrative Levels, 14. The Concept of Levels of Integration, 15. Definitions of Levels of Integration, 16. The Integration of Levels and Human Development: A Developmental Contextual View of the Synthesis of Science and Outreach in the Enhancement of Human Lives, Epilogue, Contributors, Index