This book examines the political activities of selected religious actors in Christian, Muslim and Judaist contexts in Europe and the Middle East. It explores the challenges these religious actors face in terms of citizenship, democracy, and secularisation.

1. Religion and Politics in Europe, the Middle East and North Africa Jeffrey Haynes Citizenship 2. Church, State, and the Politics of Citizenship: A Comparative Study of 19 Western Democracies Michael Minkenberg 3. The Orthodox Church and Greek-Turkish Relations: Religion as Source of Rivalry or Conciliation? Ioannis N. Grigoriadis Secularisation 4. Religion and Secularism in Israel: Between Politics and Sub-Politics Guy Ben-Porat 5. Between mediation and commitment: The Catholic Church and the Basque conflict Xabier Itçaina 6. E. Unum Pluribus: The role of religion in the project of European integration John T. S. Madeley Democracy 7. Political Islam and Islamic Capital: The case of Turkey Isik Özel 8. The Jamiat al-Adl wal-Ihsan: Religion, Political Opposition and Stalled Democratisation in Morocco Francesco Cavatorta 9. The Church in Opposition: Religious Actors, Lobbying and Catholic Voters in Italy Luigi Ceccarini 10. Morality Politics in a Catholic Democracy: A Hard Road Towards Liberalization of Gay Rights in Poland Anja Hennig