Bridging two generations of scholarship on social inequality and modern political forms, this book examines the political philosophies of inclusion of subalterns/Dalits in Gramsci and Ambedkar's political philosophies. It highlights the full range of Gramsci's 'philosophy of praxis' and presents a more critical appreciation of his thought in the study of South Asian societies. Equally, Ambedkar's thought and philosophy is put to the forefront and acquires a prominence in the international context.

1. Subalterns and Dalits in Gramsci and Ambedkar: A prologue to a 'posthumous' dialogue Part 1: The Emergence of Subaltern/Dalit Subjectivity and Historical Agency 2. Subaltern Social Groups in Antonio Gramsci's Prison Notebooks 3. Revisiting Interwar Thought: Stigma, Labor, and the Immanence of Caste-Class 4. The Other Prince: Ambedkar, Constitutional Democracy, and the Agency of the Law Part 2: The Function of Intellectuals 5. Notes on Q6
32: Gramsci and the Dalits 6. Limits of the Organic Intellectual: a Gramscian reading of Ambedkar Part 3: Subalternity and Common Sense 7. Living Subalternity: Antonio Gramsci's Concept of Common Sense 8. Race, Class, & Religion: Gramsci's Conception of Subalternity 9. The Risorgimento and its Discontents. Gramsci's Reflections on Conflict and Control in the Aftermath of Italy's Unification Part 4: Dalit Literature, Subalternity and Consciousness 10. Hegemony and Consciousness - building Processes in Dalit Literature 11. Consciousness, Agency and Humiliation: Reflections on Dalit Life Writing and Subalternity Part 5: The Religion of the Subalterns/Dalits 12. Why does religion matter to politics? Truth and ideology in a Gramscian approach 13. Intellectuals and Subalterns in the Context of Religion 14. The Place of 'Practical Spirituality' in the Lives of the Dalit Buddhists in Pune 15. Conclusion: Which Itineraries for Dalits, Subalterns and Intellectuals?