Demand for Mobile Satellite Service (MSS) is on the increase, with a huge surge of interest in mobile communications in recent years and high-paced advancements in the supporting system architectures, devices and applications. This thoroughly revised and updated book provides a comprehensive guide to the MSS technologies and emerging trends. It takes a system level approach, giving in-depth treatment of technical and business related issues. The author, a leading professional in the area, draws on his extensive experience in industry and research, to provide the reader with a sound and informed understanding of the technology.Mobile Satellite Communications includes introductory material for the reader new to the field, in addition to exploring prevalent system concepts, architecture, practices and trends for the more experienced. An in-depth review of scientific principles merged with business models and regulatory considerations presents a balanced perspective of commercial mobile satellite systems.This book will be of interest to practicing engineers in mobile satellite communications and mobile broadcasting, research and development professionals working in these areas, mobile satellite service providers and operators. Academics and students studying satellite systems/technology, specialists in other classes of satellite systems, technical and marketing managers, strategists and planners of telecommunication systems: individuals interested in mobile communications, satellite and telecommunications/broadcasting technology will also find this book insightful.Key Features:* Comprehensive treatment of mobile satellite communications topics, including radio link aspects, satellite constellations, architectural and operational aspects, as well as business planning models, MSS radio interface standards, spectrum forecast methodologies and system examples.* Addresses related themes such as mobile broadcasting, mobile VSATs, search and rescue, and navigation systems.* Introduces emerging technologies such as mobile broadband, television broadcasting to handheld units, advanced capacity enhancement techniques, hybrid system architecture concepts, including a rich sample of research topics such as multiple input multiple output, satellite-based ad-hoc networks, and highlights initiatives in the use of Q/V frequency bands.* Includes revision questions at the end of each chapter.* An accompanying website for interaction (satellitesandyou.com).

Preface xvAbout the Author xviiAcknowledgements xix1 Introduction 11.1 Scope and Organization 11.2 Evolution of Mobile Telecommunications 51.2.1 Terrestrial Systems 51.2.2 Satellite Systems 81.3 Satellite System Architecture 131.3.1 Radio Frequency Environment 151.3.2 Orbit 181.3.3 Tolerable Delay in Data Delivery 201.3.4 Handover 201.3.5 Mobility Management 201.3.6 Physical Environment 211.3.7 Satellite Access 211.3.8 Spectrum Management 221.3.9 Radio Link Reliability 231.4 Business Plan 231.5 Regulatory Considerations 231.6 Operational Considerations 241.7 Mobile Systems - A Comparison 261.8 Example Applications 271.9 Practical Limitations 271.10 Related Satellite Systems 291.10.1 M-VSAT Systems 291.10.2 Satellite Navigation Systems 301.10.3 Direct Broadcasts to Individuals and Mobiles 301.11 Trends 311.11.1 General 311.11.2 Market 321.11.3 System Architecture 321.11.4 Spectrum 331.11.5 Technology 33Revision 34References 352 Satellite Constellations 372.1 Introduction 372.2 Satellite Orbits 382.2.1 Orbital Mechanics Basics 382.2.2 Satellite Coverage 562.2.3 Space Environment 572.2.4 Eclipse on Satellites 582.2.5 The Sun's Interference 612.2.6 Doppler Effect 612.2.7 Orbital Debris 612.2.8 Summary of Orbital Characteristics 682.3 Satellite Constellations 692.3.1 Considerations in Constellation Design 722.3.2 Polar Constellations 732.3.3 Inclined Orbit Constellations 752.3.4 Hybrid Constellations 792.3.5 Regional Coverage 792.3.6 Constellations for Non-Real-Time Systems 802.3.7 Use of Spot Beams 802.3.8 Availability Considerations for Non-Geostationary Satellites 80Revision 85References 863 Radio Link 893.1 Introduction 893.2 Spectrum Issues 893.2.1 Spectrum Sharing Methods 923.2.2 Spectrum Forecast Methodology 983.3 Propagation Characteristics 1003.3.1 General Propagation Characteristics 1013.3.2 Land Mobile Channel 1113.3.3 Maritime Channel 1463.3.4 Aeronautical Channel 1533.3.5 System Implications 1583.4 Radio Link Analysis 162Revision 170References 1714 Modulation, Coding and Multiple Access 1754.1 Introduction 1754.2 Modulation 1754.2.1 MSS Requirements 1754.2.2 Preferences 1774.2.3 PSK Schemes 1794.2.4 Performance Comparison of Conventional Digital Modulation Schemes 1834.2.5 Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (COFDM) Modulation Systems 1914.2.6 Spread Spectrum Modulation 1944.3 Coding 1974.3.1 Trellis-Coded Modulation (TCM) 2044.3.2 Modulation and Coding Trends and Issues 2054.3.3 Automatic Repeat Request 2074.4 Multiple Access Schemes 2084.4.1 Comparison of Multiple Access Schemes 2124.4.2 Comparison of Spectral and Power Efficiency 214Revision 222References 2235 Fixed Earth Stations and User Terminals 2275.1 Introduction 2275.2 Gateways 2285.3 User Terminals 2305.3.1 Antennas 2315.3.2 Hand-Held UT 2395.3.3 Mobile Terminals 2485.4 Environmental Issues 2645.4.1 Biological Effects 264Revision 269References 2696 Spacecraft 2716.1 Introduction 2716.2 Satellites for MSS 2726.2.1 Transponders 2736.2.2 Antenna Systems 2966.2.3 Effect of Orbital Characteristics on Spacecraft Design 2986.3 Intersatellite links 3026.3.1 Frequency Bands 3046.3.2 Implementation Issues 3066.4 Emerging Technologies 3066.5 Launching Satellite Constellations 308Revision 312References 3127 System Architecture 3157.1 Introduction 3157.2 Air Interface 3167.2.1 Ancillary Terrestrial Component 3197.3 System Development 3207.3.1 Influences 3227.3.2 Constraints and Considerations 3247.3.3 System Synthesis 3267.3.4 Technical Trade-off Analysis 3277.3.5 Impact of Satellite Altitude 3317.4 Network Considerations 3347.4.1 General 3347.4.2 Functional Entities 3387.4.3 Network Connectivity 3417.4.4 Gateway Locations 3457.4.5 Call Handling 3457.4.6 Mobility Management 348Revision 355References 3568 Satellite Radio Interface Standards 3578.1 Introduction 3578.2 Satellite Radio Interface Standards 3598.2.1 GMR 3598.2.2 Satellite Component of UMTS/IMT-2000 3808.3 Interactive Mobile Broadband Broadcast Standard 4078.3.1 DVB-S2/RCS+M 407Revision 422References 4239 Operational Considerations 4259.1 Introduction 4259.2 Perspective 4259.3 Subscriber and Gateway Commissioning 4289.3.1 Gateways 4289.3.2 Mobile Earth Stations 4299.4 Radio Resource Management 4319.4.1 Spectrum Management 4319.4.2 EIRP Management 4549.5 Radio Frequency Monitoring 4559.5.1 Radio Frequency Interference 4609.5.2 Radio Frequency Interference Management 4609.6 Quality of Service 4639.7 Licensing Issues 464Revision 466References 46610 Commercial Issues 46910.1 Introduction 46910.2 System Planning 47210.3 Service Distribution Model 48310.4 Billing Issues 48610.4.1 Investment Routes 48710.5 Regulatory Issues 48810.6 Traffic Forecast 48910.6.1 UMTS Methodology 49010.6.2 ITU Traffic and Spectrum Forecast Methodology 49810.6.3 Eurocontrol/FAA Approach to Traffic Model Methodology 50710.7 End-User Perspective - A Case Study 50710.7.1 A Maritime Perspective 507Revision 513References 51311 Representative MSS Systems 51511.1 Introduction 51511.2 Geostationary Satellite Systems 51611.2.1 Inmarsat System 51611.2.2 Asia Cellular Satellite (ACeS) System 53411.2.3 EUTELTRACS 53911.3 LightSquared MSS-ATC Proposal 54411.3.1 Background 54411.3.2 MSS-ATC Hybrid Network 54511.4 Big-LEO Systems 54711.4.1 Iridium 54711.4.2 Globalstar 55711.5 Little-LEO System 56411.5.1 ORBCOMM 56411.6 MEO System 56811.6.1 ICO System 56811.7 Hybrid Orbit Systems 57211.7.1 ELLIPSOTM System 572References 57712 Mobile Satellite Broadcast Systems 58112.1 Introduction 58112.2 Evolution 58212.3 Mobile Broadcast System Requirements 58512.3.1 Service Requirements 58512.3.2 Receiver Types 58612.4 System Configuration 58712.5 Space Segment 58812.6 Transmission Technology 59012.7 OSI Architecture in a Broadcast Context 59412.8 Prevalent Transmission Systems 59712.9 Receiver Architecture 60412.10 DVB-SH System Architecture 60612.11 Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast Services (MBMS) 61112.12 DBS Reception on Mobile Terminals 612Revision 613References 61413 Related Satellite Systems 61713.1 Introduction 61713.2 Distress and Safety Systems 61713.2.1 Cospas-Sarsat Search and Rescue System 61913.3 Navigation Systems 62713.3.1 Background 62713.3.2 Satellite Navigation Principles 62813.3.3 Navigation System Examples 63013.4 Mobile Very Small Aperture Terminals 64213.4.1 Rationale 64313.4.2 Issues 64413.4.3 Technology 64713.5 Terrestrial Cellular System 64913.5.1 System Architecture 650Revision 653References 65314 The Future 65514.1 Introduction 65514.2 Market Projections 65614.3 Spectrum Forecast 65914.4 Capacity Enhancement Techniques 65914.4.1 Multi-User Detection 66014.4.2 Static and Dynamic Frequency Planning 66514.4.3 Cross-Layer Optimization 66514.4.4 Cognitive Radio 66714.5 System Architecture 67214.5.1 Terrestrial System Progression 67214.5.2 Adaptation of Terrestrial 4G Air-Interface 67414.5.3 Hybrid Architecture 67514.5.4 Satellite-Enabled ad hoc Networks 67614.6 Enabling Concepts and Technologies 67814.6.1 Propagation 67914.6.2 Modulation and Coding 68314.6.3 Multiple-Input Multiple-Output 68514.6.4 Software Defined Radio 68914.7 Little-LEO Systems 69214.8 Mobile Satellite Systems in Future Networks 69314.8.1 Aeronautical Systems 69314.8.2 Speculative Vision 696Revision 698References 699Appendix 703A.1 Coverage Snapshot of Representative Non-Geostationary MSS Systems 703A.2 A List of Useful Formulas 705A.2.1 Geostationary Orbit 705A.2.2 Propagation 711A.2.3 Receiver 713References 714Index 715