Over the last decade, in vitro models have become moresophisticated and are at a stage where they can provide aneffective alternative to in vivo experiments. Replacing AnimalModels provides scientists and technicians with a practical,integrated guide to developing culture-based alternatives to invivo experiments.The book is neither political nor polemical: it is technical,illustrating by example how alternatives can be developed and usedand providing useful advice on developing others. After looking atthe reasons for and potential benefits of alternatives to animalexperiments, the book covers a range of methods and examplesemphasising the design considerations that went into each system.The chapters also include 'case studies' that illustrate the waysin which culture models can be used to answer a range of importantbiological questions of direct relevance to human development,physiology, disease and healing.The thesis of this book is not that all animal experimentationcan be replaced, now or in the near future, by equally effective orsuperior alternatives. Rather, the premise is that there issubstantial opportunity, here and now, to do some common types ofexperiment better in vitro than in vivo, and that doing so willresult in both scientific and ethical gains.

Contributors, viiPreface, xiSection 1 Introductory Material1 Potential Advantages of Using Biomimetic Alternatives, 3Jamie Davies2 Overview of Biomimetic Alternatives, 13Jamie DaviesSection 2 Culture Methods3 Pancreatic Islets, 23Eli C Lewis4 Endometrial Organoid Culture, 35Merja Blauer5 Modelling Lymphatic and Blood Capillary Patterning, 45Francoise Bruyere, Catherine Maillard, Charlotte Erpicum andAgnes Noel6 Precision-cut Lung Slices (PCLS), 57Christian Martin and Stefan Uhlig7 Human Colon Tissue in Organ Culture, 69Michael K Dame and James Varani8 Fetal Organ Culture, 81Jamie Davies9 Design of a Mechanical Loading Device to Culture Intact BovineSpinal Motion Segments under Multiaxial Motion, 89Jochen Walser, Stephen John Ferguson and BenjaminGantenbein-Ritter10 Magnetic Assembly of Tissue Surrogates, 107Chien-Yu Fu and Hwan-You Chang11 Assembly of Renal Tissues by Cellular Self-organization,115Mathieu UnbekandtSection 3 Case Studies of Use12 Hierarchical Screening of Pathways: Using Cell and OrganCultures to Reduce use of Transgenic Mice, 125Guangping Tai and Jamie Davies13 Lung Organoid Culture to Study Responses to Viruses,137Wenxin Wu, J Leland Booth and Jordan P Metcalf14 Organ-cultured Human Skin for the Study of Epithelial CellInvasion of Stroma, 151James Varani15 Organotypic Mandibular Cultures for the Study of InflammatoryBone Pathology, 159Alastair J Sloan, Sarah Y Taylor and Emma L Smith16 Three-dimensional, High-density and Tissue Engineered CultureModels of Articular Cartilage, 167Ali Mobasheri, Sara Kelly, Abigail L. Clutterbuck, ConstanzeBuhrmann and Mehdi Shakibaei17 Concluding Remarks, 193Jamie DaviesAppendix 1 Sources of funding for development ofculture-based alternatives, 195Appendix 2 Databases and web-based discussions relevantto development of alternatives, 197Index, 199