A practical approach to environmental chemistry, Elements of Environmental Chemistry, 3rd Edition provides readers with the fundamentals of environmental chemistry and a toolbox for putting them into practice. This is a concise, accessible, and hands-on volume designed for students and professionals working in the chemical and environmental sciences.The 3rd Edition has been completely revised and rearranged. The first chapter on tool skills has been expanded to include thermodynamic considerations and measurement issues. The former chapter on the partitioning of organic compounds has been expanded to cover the fates of organic compounds, with an emphasis on developing the reader s chemical intuition for predicting a chemical s fate based on structure. The material on lead, mercury, pesticides, PCBs, dioxins, and flame retardants has been expanded and combined into the last chapter and supplemented with more references to the literature. The problem sets have been extended and now include over 130 problems, some of which can be solved using Excel.

PREFACE1. Simple Tool Skills1.1. Unit Conversions1.2. Estimating1.3. Ideal Gas Law1.4. Stoichiometry1.5. Thermodynamic Considerations1.6. Measurement Issues1.7. Problem Set2. Mass Balance and Kinetics2.1. Steady-State Mass Balance2.1.1 Flows, Stocks, and Residence Times2.1.2. Adding Multiple Flows2.1.3. Fluxes are Not Flows!2.2. Non-Steady-State Mass Balance2.2.1. Up-Going Curve2.2.2. Down-Going Curve2.2.3. Working with Real Data2.3. Chemical Kinetics2.3.1. First-Order Reactions2.3.2. Second-Order Reactions2.3.3. Michaelis-Menten Kinetics2.4. Problem Set3. Atmospheric Chemistry3.1. Atmospheric Structure3.2. Light and Photochemistry3.3. Atmospheric Oxidants3.4. Kinetics of Atmospheric Reactions3.4.1. Pseudo-Steady State Example3.4.2. Arrhenius Equation3.5. Stratospheric Ozone3.5.1. Formation and Loss Mechanisms3.5.2. Chapman Reaction Kinetics3.6. Smog3.7. Problem Set4. Climate Change4.1. Historical Perspective4.2. Blackbody Radiation and Earth's Temperature4.3. Absorption of Infrared Radiation4.4. Greenhouse Effect4.5. Earth's Radiative Balance4.5.1. Greenhouse Gases4.5.2. Albedo4.5.3. Solar Constant4.5.4. Combined Effects4.6. Aerosols and Clouds4.7. Radiative Forcing4.8. Global Warming Potentials4.9. Concluding Remarks4.10. Problem Set5. Carbon Dioxide Equilibria5.1. Pure Rain5.2. Polluted Rain5.3. Additional Acid Rain Chemistry and Implications5.4. Surface Water5.5. Ocean Acidification5.6. Problem Set6. Fates of Organic Compounds6.1. Molecular Interactions6.1.1. Electronegativity6.1.2. Molecular dipoles and quadrupoles6.1.3. Types of Weak Interactions6.2. Vapor Pressure6.3. Aqueous Solubilities6.3.1. Solubilities of Pure Liquids and Solids6.3.2. Solubilities of Gases6.4. Partitioning into Organic Phases6.5. Partitioning into Biota6.5.1. Bioconcentration6.5.2. Bioaccumulation6.5.3. Biomagnification6.6. Adsorption6.7. Water-Air Transfer6.8. Reactive Fates of Organic Pollutants6.9. Putting it Altogether: Partitioning and Persistence6.10. Problem Set7. Toxic Stuff: Mercury, Lead, Pesticides, PCBs, Dioxins, and Flame Retardants7.1. Mercury7.2. Lead7.3. Pesticides7.3.1. Pesticide History7.3.2. Legacy Pesticides7.3.3. Current Use Herbicides7.3.4. Current Use Insecticides7.3.5. Current Use Fumigants7.3.6. Current Use Fungicides7.4. Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)7.4.1. PCB Nomenclature7.4.2. PCB Production and Use7.4.3. PCBs in the Hudson River7.4.4. PCBs in Bloomington, Indiana7.4.5. Yusho and Yu-Cheng Diseases7.4.6. PCB Conclusions7.5. Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans7.5.1. Dioxin Nomenclature7.5.2. Chick Edema Disease7.5.3. Agent Orange7.5.4. Times Beach, Missouri7.5.5. Seveso, Italy7.5.6. Combustion Sources of Dioxins7.5.7. U.S. Dioxin Reassessment and Conclusions7.6. Brominated and Other Flame Retardants7.6.1. Polybrominated Biphenyls7.6.2. Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers7.6.3. Other Flame Retardants7.7. Lessons LearnedAppendix A Primer on Organic Structures and NamesAppendix B Periodic Table of the ElementsAppendix C Useful Physical and Chemical ConstantsAppendix D Answers to the Problem SetsIndex