A complete, up-to-date, introductory guide to fuel cell technology and applicationFuel Cell Fundamentals provides a thorough introduction to the principles and practicalities behind fuel cell technology. Beginning with the underlying concepts, the discussion explores fuel cell thermodynamics, kinetics, transport, and modeling before moving into the application side with guidance on system types and design, performance, costs, and environmental impact. This new third edition has been updated with the latest technological advances and relevant calculations, and enhanced chapters on advanced fuel cell design and electrochemical and hydrogen energy systems. Worked problems, illustrations, and application examples throughout lend a real-world perspective, and end-of chapter review questions and mathematical problems reinforce the material learned.Fuel cells produce more electricity than batteries or combustion engines, with far fewer emissions. This book is the essential introduction to the technology that makes this possible, and the physical processes behind this cost-saving and environmentally friendly energy source.* Understand the basic principles of fuel cell physics* Compare the applications, performance, and costs of different systems* Master the calculations associated with the latest fuel cell technology* Learn the considerations involved in system selection and designAs more and more nations turn to fuel cell commercialization amidst advancing technology and dropping deployment costs, global stationary fuel cell revenue is expected to grow from $1.4 billion to $40.0 billion by 2022. The sector is forecasted to explode, and there will be a tremendous demand for high-level qualified workers with advanced skills and knowledge of fuel cell technology. Fuel Cell Fundamentals is the essential first step toward joining the new energy revolution.

PREFACE xiACKNOWLEDGMENTS xiiiNOMENCLATURE xviiI FUEL CELL PRINCIPLES1 Introduction 31.1 What Is a Fuel Cell? / 31.2 A Simple Fuel Cell / 61.3 Fuel Cell Advantages / 81.4 Fuel Cell Disadvantages / 111.5 Fuel Cell Types / 121.6 Basic Fuel Cell Operation / 141.7 Fuel Cell Performance / 181.8 Characterization and Modeling / 201.9 Fuel Cell Technology / 211.10 Fuel Cells and the Environment / 211.11 Chapter Summary / 22Chapter Exercises / 232 Fuel Cell Thermodynamics 252.1 Thermodynamics Review / 252.2 Heat Potential of a Fuel: Enthalpy of Reaction / 342.3 Work Potential of a Fuel: Gibbs Free Energy / 372.4 Predicting Reversible Voltage of a Fuel Cell under Non-Standard-State Conditions / 472.5 Fuel Cell Efficiency / 602.6 Thermal and Mass Balances in Fuel Cells / 652.7 Thermodynamics of Reversible Fuel Cells / 672.8 Chapter Summary / 71Chapter Exercises / 723 Fuel Cell Reaction Kinetics 773.1 Introduction to Electrode Kinetics / 773.2 Why Charge Transfer Reactions Have an Activation Energy / 823.3 Activation Energy Determines Reaction Rate / 843.4 Calculating Net Rate of a Reaction / 853.5 Rate of Reaction at Equilibrium: Exchange Current Density / 863.6 Potential of a Reaction at Equilibrium: Galvani Potential / 873.7 Potential and Rate: Butler-Volmer Equation / 893.8 Exchange Currents and Electrocatalysis: How to Improve Kinetic Performance / 943.9 Simplified Activation Kinetics: Tafel Equation / 973.10 Different Fuel Cell Reactions Produce Different Kinetics / 1003.11 Catalyst-Electrode Design / 1033.12 Quantum Mechanics: Framework for Understanding Catalysis in Fuel Cells / 1043.13 The Sabatier Principle for Catalyst Selection / 1073.14 Connecting the Butler-Volmer and Nernst Equations (Optional) / 1083.15 Chapter Summary / 112Chapter Exercises / 1134 Fuel Cell Charge Transport 1174.1 Charges Move in Response to Forces / 1174.2 Charge Transport Results in a Voltage Loss / 1214.3 Characteristics of Fuel Cell Charge Transport Resistance / 1244.4 Physical Meaning of Conductivity / 1284.5 Review of Fuel Cell Electrolyte Classes / 1324.6 More on Diffusivity and Conductivity (Optional) / 1534.7 Why Electrical Driving Forces Dominate Charge Transport (Optional) / 1604.8 Quantum Mechanics-Based Simulation of Ion Conduction in Oxide Electrolytes (Optional) / 1614.9 Chapter Summary / 163Chapter Exercises / 1645 Fuel Cell Mass Transport 1675.1 Transport in Electrode versus Flow Structure / 1685.2 Transport in Electrode: Diffusive Transport / 1705.3 Transport in Flow Structures: Convective Transport / 1835.4 Chapter Summary / 199Chapter Exercises / 2006 Fuel Cell Modeling 2036.1 Putting It All Together: A Basic Fuel Cell Model / 2036.2 A 1D Fuel Cell Model / 2066.3 Fuel Cell Models Based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (Optional) / 2276.4 Chapter Summary / 230Chapter Exercises / 2317 Fuel Cell Characterization 2377.1 What Do We Want to Characterize? / 2387.2 Overview of Characterization Techniques / 2397.3 In Situ Electrochemical Characterization Techniques / 2407.4 Ex Situ Characterization Techniques / 2657.5 Chapter Summary / 268Chapter Exercises / 269II FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY8 Overview of Fuel Cell Types 2738.1 Introduction / 2738.2 Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell / 2748.3 Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell / 2758.4 Alkaline Fuel Cell / 2788.5 Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell / 2808.6 Solid-Oxide Fuel Cell / 2828.7 Other Fuel Cells / 2848.8 Summary Comparison / 2988.9 Chapter Summary / 299Chapter Exercises / 3019 PEMFC and SOFC Materials 3039.1 PEMFC Electrolyte Materials / 3049.2 PEMFC Electrode/Catalyst Materials / 3089.3 SOFC Electrolyte Materials / 3179.4 SOFC Electrode/Catalyst Materials / 3269.5 Material Stability, Durability, and Lifetime / 3369.6 Chapter Summary / 340Chapter Exercises / 34210 Overview of Fuel Cell Systems 34710.1 Fuel Cell Subsystem / 34810.2 Thermal Management Subsystem / 35310.3 Fuel Delivery/Processing Subsystem / 35710.4 Power Electronics Subsystem / 36410.5 Case Study of Fuel Cell System Design: Stationary Combined Heat and Power Systems / 36910.6 Case Study of Fuel Cell System Design: Sizing a Portable Fuel Cell / 38310.7 Chapter Summary / 387Chapter Exercises / 38911 Fuel Processing Subsystem Design 39311.1 Fuel Reforming Overview / 39411.2 Water Gas Shift Reactors / 40911.3 Carbon Monoxide Clean-Up / 41111.4 Reformer and Processor Efficiency Losses / 41411.5 Reactor Design for Fuel Reformers and Processors / 41611.6 Chapter Summary / 417Chapter Exercises / 41912 Thermal Management Subsystem Design 42312.1 Overview of Pinch Point Analysis Steps / 42412.2 Chapter Summary / 440Chapter Exercises / 44113 Fuel Cell System Design 44713.1 Fuel Cell Design Via Computational Fluid Dynamics / 44713.2 Fuel Cell System Design: A Case Study / 46213.3 Chapter Summary / 476Chapter Exercises / 47714 Environmental Impact of Fuel Cells 48114.1 Life Cycle Assessment / 48114.2 Important Emissions for LCA / 49014.3 Emissions Related to Global Warming / 49014.4 Emissions Related to Air Pollution / 50214.5 Analyzing Entire Scenarios with LCA / 50714.6 Chapter Summary / 510Chapter Exercises / 511A Constants and Conversions 517B Thermodynamic Data 519C Standard Electrode Potentials at 25°C 529D Quantum Mechanics 531D.1 Atomic Orbitals / 533D.2 Postulates of Quantum Mechanics / 534D.3 One-Dimensional Electron Gas / 536D.4 Analogy to Column Buckling / 537D.5 Hydrogen Atom / 538D.6 Multielectron Systems / 540D.7 Density Functional Theory / 540E Periodic Table of the Elements 543F Suggested Further Reading 545G Important Equations 547H Answers to Selected Chapter Exercises 551BIBLIOGRAPHY 555INDEX 565