Comprehensive coverage explaining the correlation and synergy between Next Generation Networks and the existing standardized technologiesThis book focuses on Next Generation Networks (NGN); in particular, on NGN architectures, protocols and services, including technologies, regulation and business aspects. NGN provides convergence between the traditional telecommunications and the Internet, and it is globally standardized by the ITU (International Telecommunication Union), where ITU is the United Nations specialized agency for Information and Communication Technologies - ICTs. The convergence towards the NGN is based on the Internet technologies, and the introductory chapters cover the Internet fundamentals of today, including architectures, protocols (IPv4, IPv6, TCP, DNS, etc.), Internet services (WWW, e-mail, BitTorrent, Skype, and more), as well as Internet governance. Further, the prerequisite for convergence of all ICT services over single network architectures is broadband access to the Internet. Hence, the book includes architectures of fixed broadband Internet access networks, such as DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) networks, cable networks, FTTH (Fiber To The Home), next generation passive and active optical networks, and metro Ethernet. It also covers network architectures for next generation (4G) mobile and wireless networks (LTE/LTE-Advanced, and Mobile WiMAX 2.0), then Fixed Mobile Convergence - FMC, next generation mobile services, as well as business and regulatory aspects for next generation mobile networks and services.* Comprehensive coverage explaining the correlation and synergy between Next Generation Networks and the existing standardized technologies* Focuses on Next Generation Networks (NGN) as defined by the ITU, including performance, service architectures and mechanisms, common IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem), control and signalling protocols used in NGN, security approaches, identity management, NGN Service Overlay Networks, and NGN business models* Examines the most important NGN services, including QoS-enabled VoIP, IPTV over NGN, web services in NGN, peer-to-peer services, Ubiquitous Sensor Network (USN) services, VPN services in NGN, Internet of things and web of things* Includes the transition towards NGN from the PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Networks) and from the best-effort Internet via the same Internet access* Explores advanced topics such as IPv6-based NGN, network virtualization, and future packet based networks, as well as business challenges and opportunities for the NGN evolved networks and servicesEssential reading for engineers and employees from regulatory bodies, government organisations, telecommunication companies, ICT companies.

About the Author xiii1 Introduction 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Traditional Telecom World 31.2.1 History of Telephony 41.3 Public Switched Telephone Networks 51.3.1 Pulse Code Modulation 71.3.2 Architecture of the Telephone Network 71.4 Signaling Network 91.4.1 SS7 Architecture 91.4.2 SS7 Protocol Model 111.5 Transmission Systems 121.5.1 Multiplexing of Digital Channels 131.5.2 Time Division Multiplexing in PSTN 141.6 Traditional Internet world 161.6.1 History of the Internet 161.6.2 Growth of the Internet 191.6.3 Internet Architecture 201.7 The Convergence of the Two Worlds: Next Generation Networks 231.7.1 NGN Perspective of Telecom Operators 241.7.2 When Will NGN Emerge? 251.8 The Structure of This Book 25References 262 Internet Fundamentals by IETF 292.1 Internet Architecture and IETF Standardization 292.2 Fundamental Internet Protocols 292.2.1 Internet Protocol Version 4 292.2.2 Internet Protocol Version 6 312.2.3 User Datagram Protocol 332.2.4 Transmission Control Protocol 342.2.5 Stream Control Transmission Protocol 412.3 Addressing and Numbering 432.3.1 IPv4 Addressing 442.3.2 Network Address Translation 462.3.3 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol 472.3.4 Domain Name System 492.3.5 ENUM 502.3.6 IPv6 Addressing Architecture 512.4 Internet Routing 522.4.1 Routing Algorithms 542.5 Client-Server Networking 582.6 Peer-to-Peer Networking 592.7 Best-Effort Internet Services 602.7.1 Electronic Mail 602.7.2 File Transfer Protocol 612.7.3 World Wide Web 622.7.4 Peer-to-Peer Services 632.8 Internet Governance 65References 663 NGN Standards and Architectures 693.1 Main Drivers to Next Generation Networks 693.1.1 Fixed Broadband Internet Access 703.1.2 Mobile Broadband Internet Access 713.1.3 Convergence to IP-based Networks and Services 723.1.4 End-User Drivers toward NGN 723.1.5 Operator Drivers toward NGN 733.2 ITU-T NGN Standards 753.2.1 NGN Architectures 773.2.2 End-to-End Quality of Service 773.2.3 Security 783.2.4 Generalized Mobility 783.2.5 Network Control Architectures and Protocols 783.2.6 Service Capabilities and Service Architectures 793.2.7 Interoperability of Services and Networks in NGN 793.2.8 Future Networks 793.3 Standardization Synergy of ITU, IETF, 3GPP, and IEEE 803.3.1 IETF Role 813.3.2 ETSI Role 823.3.3 3GPP Role 823.3.4 IEEE Role 823.4 All-IP Network Concept for NGN 833.5 NGN Functional Architecture 863.5.1 Transport Stratum Functions 893.5.2 Transport Control Functions 903.5.3 Service Stratum Functions 913.5.4 Management Functions 923.5.5 Identity Management Functions 923.5.6 End-User Functions 923.5.7 NGN Configuration and Topology 933.6 NGN Control Architectures and Protocols 943.6.1 Network Access Configuration Functional Entity 943.6.2 Access Management Functional Entity 953.6.3 Transport Location Management Functional Entity 953.6.4 Transport Authentication and Authorization Functional Entity 963.6.5 Transport User Profile Functional Entity 963.6.6 Home Gateway Configuration Functional Entity 963.6.7 Access Relay Functional Entity 963.7 Numbering, Naming, and Addressing in NGN 963.7.1 Numbering Scheme 973.7.2 Naming and Addressing Schemes 983.7.3 Numbering, Naming, and Addressing Scheme for NGN 993.7.4 Discussion 101References 1014 Broadband Internet: the Basis for NGN 1034.1 ITU's Work on Broadband Internet 1034.1.1 ITU-T Work on Broadband 1034.1.2 ITU-R Work on Broadband 1044.1.3 ITU-D Work on Broadband 1054.2 DSL and Cable Access Networks 1054.2.1 ADSL Success Story 1054.2.2 ADSL Access Architecture 1064.2.3 ADSL Frequency Bands and Modulation 1074.2.4 Other DSL Technologies 1084.2.5 ADSL Network Architecture 1094.2.6 Cable Access Network 1114.3 FTTH Access Networks 1154.4 Next Generation Passive and Active Optical Networks 1194.4.1 PON Standards 1194.4.2 Next Generation Passive Optical Networks 1234.4.3 Next Generation Active Optical Networks 1274.5 Metro Ethernet 1284.5.1 Virtual LAN (IEEE 802.1Q) 1304.5.2 Provider Bridges (IEEE 802.1ad) 1304.5.3 Provider Backbone Bridges (IEEE 802.1ah) 1304.5.4 Metro Ethernet for Mobile Backhaul Service 1314.6 Regulation and Business Aspects 1354.6.1 Regulation of Prices for Broadband Services and Markets 1354.6.2 Regulation of Wholesale Prices 1364.6.3 Regulation of Retail Prices 1374.7 Discussion 138References 1385 Mobile Broadband: Next Generation Mobile Networks 1415.1 ITU's IMT-Advanced: the 4G Umbrella 1415.2 4G Standard by 3GPP: LTE/LTE-Advanced 1435.2.1 LTE/LTE-Advanced Standardization 1445.2.2 System Architecture Evolution 1455.2.3 LTE/LTE-Advanced Radio Access 1525.3 4G Standard by IEEE: Mobile WiMAX 2.0 1565.3.1 Mobile WiMAX Network Architecture 1575.3.2 Quality of Service in WiMAX Networks 1585.3.3 Mobile WiMAX 2.0 Radio Interface 1585.4 Fixed-Mobile Convergence 1605.5 IP Multimedia Subsystem for NGN 1615.5.1 Proxy CSCF 1645.5.2 Serving CSCF 1645.5.3 Interrogating CSCF 1645.5.4 Naming and Addressing in IMS 1655.6 Mobility Management in NGN 1655.6.1 Conceptual Framework for MM 1675.6.2 Architecture for Mobility Management in Transport Stratum 1685.6.3 Architecture for Mobility Management in Service Stratum 1705.7 Next Generation Mobile Services 1715.7.1 Mobile TV 1725.7.2 Location-Based Services 1745.8 Regulation and Business Aspects 1755.8.1 Spectrum Management for Mobile Broadband 1765.8.2 Business Aspects for Mobile Broadband 1775.9 Discussion 178References 1786 Quality of Service and Performance 1816.1 Quality of Service and Quality of Experience in NGN 1816.1.1 What is QoS? 1816.1.2 ITU-T QoS Framework 1826.1.3 Performance Parameters for IP Services 1856.1.4 Quality of Experience 1886.2 Resource and Admission Control Functions 1896.2.1 RACF Functional Architecture 1906.2.2 RACF Deployment Architectures 1926.2.3 RACF Communication between Different NGN Operators 1956.2.4 Example of Admission Control with RACF 1956.3 QoS Architecture for Ethernet-Based NGN 1976.3.1 Reference Architecture for Ethernet-Based NGN 1986.3.2 QoS Services in Ethernet-Based NGN 2006.4 Flow-State-Aware Transport 2036.4.1 Network Architecture for Flow-Aggregate Information Exchange 2056.4.2 Protocols for FSA Transport 2066.5 Management of Performance Measurements in NGN 2116.6 NGN Architecture for MPLS Core Networks 2136.6.1 Centralized RACF Architecture for MPLS Core Networks 2136.6.2 Distributed RACF Architecture for MPLS Core Networks 2156.7 Discussion 217References 2187 Service Aspects 2217.1 Service Architecture in NGN 2217.2 Managed Delivery Services (MDS) 2247.2.1 Service Provisioning with MDS 2257.2.2 MDS Functional Architecture 2287.3 IMS-Based Real-Time Multimedia Services 2297.3.1 Multimedia Communication Center 2317.3.2 IMS-Based IPTV 2317.4 Control and Signaling Protocols for NGN 2337.4.1 Diameter 2337.4.2 Session Initiation Protocol 2407.5 Security Mechanisms for NGN 2477.5.1 Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting in NGN 2477.5.2 Transport Security in NGN 2497.6 NGN Identity Management 2507.7 Service Continuity 2527.8 Next Generation Service Overlay Networks 2547.8.1 SON Framework 2557.8.2 SON-Based Services 2567.9 Discussion 257References 2588 NGN Services 2618.1 QoS-Enabled VoIP 2618.1.1 Differences between VoIP and PSTN 2628.1.2 VoIP Protocols and QoS Aspects 2638.1.3 QoS-Enabled VoIP in NGN 2668.2 IPTV over NGN 2698.2.1 IPTV Functional Architecture 2708.2.2 Multicast-Based IPTV Content Delivery 2738.2.3 Unicast-Based IPTV Content Delivery 2748.3 Web Services in NGN 2768.4 Ubiquitous Sensor Network Services 2808.4.1 USN Functional Architecture 2838.4.2 USN Applications 2858.5 VPN Services in NGN 2858.6 Internet of Things and Web of Things 2888.6.1 Internet of Things 2888.6.2 Web of Things 2908.7 Business and Regulation of Converged Services and Contents 2938.7.1 Business Models for NGN Services 2938.7.2 Regulation of NGN Services 2968.8 Discussion 298References 2989 Transition to NGN and Future Evolution 3019.1 Migration of PSTN Networks to NGN 3019.1.1 Evolution of PSTN/ISDN to NGN 3019.1.2 PSTN/ISDN Emulation and Simulation 3049.2 Transition of IP Networks to NGN 3069.3 Carrier Grade Open Environment 3079.4 IPv6-Based NGN 3109.4.1 Multihoming in IPv6-Based NGN 3129.4.2 Object Mapping Using IPv6 in NGN 3189.4.3 Migration to IPv6-Based NGN 3209.5 Network Virtualization 3219.6 Future Packet Based Network 3249.6.1 Cloud Computing 3249.6.2 Software Defined Networking 3269.7 Business Challenges and Opportunities 3279.8 Discussion 330References 33110 Conclusions 333Index 337