This book provides guidance on including prevention through design concepts within an occupational safety and health management system. Through the application of these concepts, decisions pertaining to occupational hazards and risks can be incorporated into the process of design and redesign of work premises, tools, equipment, machinery, substances, and work processes including their construction, manufacture, use, maintenance, and ultimate disposal or reuse. These techniques provide guidance for a life-cycle assessment and design model that balances environmental and occupational safety and health goals over the life span of a facility, process, or product.The new edition is expanded to include primer information on the use of safety assurance techniques in design and construction.

PREFACE xiiiPART I THE SYSTEM SAFETY PROGRAM 11 System Safety: An Overview 3Background 3The Difference Between Industrial Safety and System Safety 7System Safety and the Assessment of Risk 82 System Safety Concepts 15Fundamentals 15The System Safety Process 16System Safety Criteria 18Hazard Severity 18Hazard Probability 18The Hazard Risk Matrix 19System Safety Precedence 20Cost and Risk Acceptance 24Quantitative Risk Assessment 25Principles of Risk Management 27Management Commitment 273 System Safety Program Requirements 29The Safety Charter 29Selling Safety to Management 30The System Safety Effort 31Closed-Loop Hazard Tracking System 32Accident Risk Assessment 33MishapAccidentIncident Reporting 33Facility Inspection Reports 36System Safety Analyses 36Life Cycle Phases and the System Safety Process 36Concept Phase 37Design Phase 37Production Phase 37Operations Phase 39Disposal Phase 394 The Industrial Safety Connection 41The Occupational Safety and Health Act 41The Human Factors Element 43Accident Prevention Through System Design 44The Process of Task Analysis 47The Job Safety Analysis and System Safety 48Guidelines for Preparing a Job Safety Analysis 50Signatures and Approvals 56Changes in HazardScope 56System Safety: an Integral Part of the Overall Organization 575 Probability Theory and Statistical Analysis 61Introduction 61Probability 62Statistics 64Summary 67PART II SYSTEM SAFETY ANALYSIS: TECHNIQUES AND METHODS 696 Preliminary Hazard Analysis 71Introduction 71The PHA Development Process 72The PHA Report 78PHA Example 78System Description 79System Operation 80Preliminary Assessment 81Evaluation of System Risk 81Summary 907 Subsystem and System Hazard Analyses 91Introduction 91The Subsystem Hazard Analysis Report 92SSHA Example 93System Description 93Evaluation of Subsystem Hazard Risk 95Summary 988 Operating and Support Hazard Analysis 99Introduction 99Ergonomics 99When to Perform the O&SHA 101O&SHA Example 103Scope and Purpose of the Example O&SHA 103Risk Assessment 104Risk Assessment 1: 1B 106Risk Assessment 2: 1A 107Risk Assessment 3: 2B 107Summary 1099 Energy Trace and Barrier Analysis 111Introduction 111The Energy-Barrier Concept 111Uses of the ETBA 112Performing the ETBA 112The ETBA Worksheet 113ETBA Example 114System Description 114The ETBA 114Summary 11810 Failure Mode and Effect Analysis 119Introduction 119Types of FMEAs 119Performing an FMEA 120The FMEA Report 121FMEA Example 124System Component Subassembly Description 124System Operation 128Failure Mode(s) and Effect(s) 128Evaluation of Potential Subsystem or Component Failures 129Summary 13211 Fault or Functional Hazard Analysis 135Introduction 135The FHA Process 136FHA Example 137System Description 137The FHA Process 139The FHA 141Summary 14312 Fault Tree Analysis 145Introduction 145Qualitative and Quantitative Reasoning 146Constructing a Fault Tree 146Fault Tree Symbols 147FTA Examples 150Probability Values and the Fault Tree 153Summary 15613 Management Oversight and Risk Tree 157Introduction 157The MORT Analytical Chart 158MORT Use 159The MORT Event Tree 160Symbols 160MORT Analysis Example 161MORT Color Coding 163Procedure for MORT Analysis 165Summary 16514 HAZOP and What-If Analyses 167Introduction 167Background 168Definitions 168Objectives 169Team Members 169Reference Data Requirements 169The Concept of "Nodes" 170Conducting the What-If Analysis 171What-If Analysis Steps 171The What-If Analysis Worksheet 173Conducting The HAZOP Study 175The HAZOP Worksheet 175The Analysis Report 176Summary 17715 Special Use Analysis Techniques 179Introduction 179Sneak Circuit Analysis 180Types and Causes of Sneaks 180SCA Input Requirements 181Advantages and Disadvantages of the SCA 181Software Hazard Analysis 183Types of SWHA Techniques 183Summary 185Epilogue 187Appendix A Sources of Additional InformationTraining 189Appendix B Acronyms and Abbreviations 195GLOSSARY OF TERMS 199BIBLIOGRAPHY 223INDEX 225