As an in-depth guide to understanding wind effects on cable-supported bridges, this book uses analytical, numerical and experimental methods to give readers a fundamental and practical understanding of the subject matter. It is structured to systemically move from introductory areas through to advanced topics currently being developed from research work. The author concludes with the application of the theory covered to real-world examples, enabling readers to apply their knowledge.The author provides background material, covering areas such as wind climate, cable-supported bridges, wind-induced damage, and the history of bridge wind engineering. Wind characteristics in atmospheric boundary layer, mean wind load and aerostatic instability, wind-induced vibration and aerodynamic instability, and wind tunnel testing are then described as the fundamentals of the subject. State-of-the-art contributions include rain-wind-induced cable vibration, wind-vehicle-bridge interaction, wind-induced vibration control, wind and structural health monitoring, fatigue analysis, reliability analysis, typhoon wind simulation, non-stationary and nonlinear buffeting response. Lastly, the theory is applied to the actual long-span cable-supported bridges.* Structured in an easy-to-follow way, covering the topic from the fundamentals right through to the state-of-the-art* Describes advanced topics such as wind and structural health monitoring and non-stationary and nonlinear buffeting response* Gives a comprehensive description of various methods including CFD simulations of bridge and vehicle loading* Uses two projects with which the author has worked extensively, Stonecutters cable-stayed bridge and Tsing Ma suspension bridge, as worked examples, giving readers a practical understanding

Foreword xxiby Ahsan Kareem and Robert M MoranForeword xxiiiby Hai-Fan XianPreface xxvAcknowledgements xxvii1 Wind Storms and Cable-Supported Bridges 11.1 Preview 11.2 Basic Notions of Meteorology 11.3 Basic Types of Wind Storms 61.4 Basic Types of Cable-Supported Bridges 111.5 Wind Damage to Cable-Supported Bridges 161.6 History of Bridge Aerodynamics 191.7 Organization of this Book 211.8 Notations 222 Wind Characteristics in Atmospheric Boundary Layer 252.1 Preview 252.2 TurbulentWinds in Atmospheric Boundary Layer 252.3 Mean Wind Speed Profiles 272.4 Wind Turbulence 312.5 Terrain and Topographic Effects 402.6 Design Wind Speeds 432.7 Directional Preference of High Winds 482.8 Case Study: Tsing Ma Bridge Site 492.9 Notations 573 Mean Wind Load and Aerostatic Instability 613.1 Preview 613.2 Mean Wind Load and Force Coefficients 613.3 Torsional Divergence 633.4 3-D Aerostatic Instability Analysis 663.5 Finite Element Modeling of Long-Span Cable-Supported Bridges 673.6 Mean Wind Response Analysis 733.7 Case Study: Stonecutters Bridge 743.8 Notations 804 Wind-Induced Vibration and Aerodynamic Instability 834.1 Preview 834.2 Vortex-Induced Vibration 844.3 Galloping Instability 884.4 Flutter Analysis 914.5 Buffeting Analysis in the Frequency Domain 1014.6 Simulation of Stationary Wind Field 1074.7 Buffeting Analysis in the Time Domain 1094.8 Effective Static Loading Distributions 1124.9 Case Study: Stonecutters Bridge 1154.10 Notations 1265 Wind-Induced Vibration of Stay Cables 1315.1 Preview 1315.2 Fundamentals of Cable Dynamics 1315.3 Wind-Induced Cable Vibrations 1365.4 Mechanism of Rain-Wind-Induced Cable Vibration 1385.5 Prediction of Rain-Wind-Induced Cable Vibration 1515.6 Occurrence Probability of Rain-Wind-Induced Cable Vibration 1585.7 Case Study: Stonecutters Bridge 1635.8 Notations 1736 Wind-Vehicle-Bridge Interaction 1776.1 Preview 1776.2 Wind-Road Vehicle Interaction 1786.3 Formulation of Wind-Road Vehicle-Bridge Interaction 1966.4 Safety Analysis of Road Vehicles on Ting Kau Bridge under Crosswind 2006.5 Formulation of Wind-Railway Vehicle Interaction 2066.6 Safety and Ride Comfort of Ground Railway Vehicle under Crosswind 2176.7 Wind-Railway Vehicle-Bridge Interaction 2286.8 Notations 2347 Wind Tunnel Studies 2417.1 Preview 2417.2 Boundary Layer Wind Tunnels 2417.3 Model Scaling Requirements 2447.4 Boundary Wind Simulation 2477.5 Section Model Tests 2547.6 Taut Strip Model Tests 2587.7 Full Aeroelastic Model Tests 2597.8 Identification of Flutter Derivatives 2607.9 Identification of Aerodynamic Admittance 2667.10 Cable Model Tests 2687.11 Vehicle-Bridge Model Tests 2747.12 Notations 2838 Computational Wind Engineering 2898.1 Preview 2898.2 Governing Equations of Fluid Flow 2898.3 Turbulence and its Modeling 2938.4 Numerical Considerations 3048.5 CFD for Force Coefficients of Bridge Deck 3198.6 CFD for Vehicle Aerodynamics 3238.7 CFD for Aerodynamics of Coupled Vehicle-Bridge Deck System 3308.8 CFD for Flutter Derivatives of Bridge Deck 3368.9 CFD for Non-Linear Aerodynamic Forces on Bridge Deck 3398.10 Notations 3419 Wind and Structural Health Monitoring 3459.1 Preview 3459.2 Design of Wind and Structural Health Monitoring Systems 3469.3 Sensors and Sensing Technology 3479.4 Data Acquisition and Transmission System (DATS) 3519.5 Data Processing and Control System 3549.6 Data Management System 3559.7 Structural Health Monitoring System of Tsing Ma Bridge 3569.8 Monitoring Results of Tsing Ma Bridge during Typhoon Victor 3639.9 System Identification of Tsing Ma Bridge during Typhoon Victor 3769.10 Notations 38110 Buffeting Response to Skew Winds 38510.1 Preview 38510.2 Formulation in the Frequency Domain 38610.2.1 Basic Assumptions 38610.3 Formulation in the Time Domain 40110.4 Aerodynamic Coefficients of Bridge Deck under Skew Winds 40910.5 Flutter Derivatives of Bridge Deck under Skew Winds 41310.6 Aerodynamic Coefficients of Bridge Tower under Skew Winds 41810.7 Comparison with Field Measurement Results of Tsing Ma Bridge 42410.8 Notations 43311 Multiple Loading-Induced Fatigue Analysis 43911.1 Preview 43911.2 SHM-oriented Finite Element Modeling 44011.3 Framework for Buffeting-Induced Stress Analysis 44511.4 Comparison with Field Measurement Results of Tsing Ma Bridge 45211.5 Buffeting-Induced Fatigue Damage Assessment 46411.6 Framework for Multiple Loading-Induced Stress Analysis 47611.7 Verification by Case Study: Tsing Ma Bridge 48311.8 Fatigue Analysis of Long-Span Suspension Bridges under Multiple Loading 48811.9 Notations 50312 Wind-Induced Vibration Control 50912.1 Preview 50912.2 Control Methods for Wind-Induced Vibration 50912.3 Aerodynamic Measures for Flutter Control 51312.4 Aerodynamic Measures for Vortex-Induced Vibration Control 51812.5 Aerodynamic Measures for Rain-Wind-Induced Cable Vibration Control 52012.6 Mechanical Measures for Vortex-Induced Vibration Control 52312.7 Mechanical Measures for Flutter Control 52512.8 Mechanical Measures for Buffeting Control 53012.9 Mechanical Measures for Rain-Wind-Induced Cable Vibration Control 54112.10 Case Study: Damping Stay Cables in a Cable-Stayed Bridge 55212.11 Notations 56413 Typhoon Wind Field Simulation 56913.1 Preview 56913.2 Refined Typhoon Wind Field Model 57013.3 Model Solutions 57413.4 Model Validation 57613.5 Monte Carlo Simulation 58513.6 Extreme Wind Analysis 59313.7 Simulation of Typhoon Wind Field over Complex Terrain 59713.8 Case Study: Stonecutters Bridge Site 60013.9 Notations 61114 Reliability Analysis of Wind-Excited Bridges 61514.1 Preview 61514.2 Fundamentals of Reliability Analysis 61514.3 Reliability Analysis of Aerostatic Instability 62614.4 Flutter Reliability Analysis 62614.5 Buffeting Reliability Analysis 62814.6 Reliability Analysis of Vortex-Induced Vibration 63214.7 Fatigue Reliability Analysis based on Miner's Rule for Tsing Ma Bridge 63214.8 Fatigue Reliability Analysis based on Continuum Damage Mechanics 65014.9 Notations 65815 Non-Stationary and Non-Linear Buffeting Response 66115.1 Preview 66115.2 Non-Stationary Wind Model I 66215.3 Non-Stationary Wind Model II 67315.4 Buffeting Response to Non-Stationary Wind 68015.5 Extreme Value of Non-Stationary Response 68815.6 Unconditional Simulation of Non-Stationary Wind 69715.7 Conditional Simulation of Non-Stationary Wind 69815.8 Non-Linear Buffeting Response 71115.9 Notations 72116 Epilogue: Challenges and Prospects 72916.1 Challenges 72916.2 Prospects 733Index 735