Illicit drugs are an emerging class of environmental contaminants and mass spectrometry is the technique of choice for their analysis. This landmark reference discusses the analytical techniques used to detect illicit drugs in wastewater and surface water, details how to estimate the levels of contaminants in the environment, and explores the behavior, fate, and toxic effects of this new class of contaminants, now a ubiquitous presence in wastewater and surface water. The book details how an estimate of illicit drug consumption in a given population can be developed from an analysis of the residues of illicit drugs in wastewater. An important resource for analytical chemists, environmental researchers, forensic scientists, biologists, and toxicologists.

PREFACE.CONTRIBUTORS.I INTRODUCTION.1 ILLICIT DRUGS AND THE ENVIRONMENT (Christian G.Daughton).II THE PHYSIOLOGY OF ILLICIT DRUGS.2 METABOLISM AND EXCRETION OF ILLICIT DRUGS IN HUMANS(Manuela Melis, Sara Castiglioni, and Ettore Zuccato).III MASS SPECTROMETRY IN ILLICIT DRUGS DETECTION ANDMEASUREMENT - CURRENT AND NOVEL ENVIRONMENTALAPPLICATIONS.3 ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR THE DETECTION OF ILLICIT DRUGS INWASTEWATERS AND SURFACE WATERS (Renzo Bagnati and EnricoDavoli).4 WIDE-SCOPE SCREENING OF ILLICIT DRUGS IN URBAN WASTEWATER BYUHPLC-QTOF MS (Félix Hernádez, Juan V. Sancho, andLubertus Bijlsma).5 DETERMINATION OF ILLICIT DRUGS IN THE WATER CYCLE BYLC-ORBITRAP MS (Pim de Voogt, Erik Emke, Rick Helmus,Pavlos Panteliadis, and Jan A. van Leerdam).IVA MASS SPECTROMETRIC ANALYSIS OF ILLICIT DRUGS IN THEENVIRONMENT: OCCURRENCE AND FATE IN WASTEWATER AND SURFACEWATER.6 OCCURRENCE OF ILLICIT DRUGS IN WASTEWATER IN SPAIN(Cristina Postigo, Miren López de Alda, and DamiaBarcelò).7 OCCURRENCE OF ILLICIT DRUGS IN WASTEWATER AND SURFACE WATER INITALY (Sara Castiglioni and Ettore Zuccato).8 OCCURRENCE OF ILLICIT DRUGS IN SURFACE WATER AND WASTEWATER INTHE UK (Barbara Kasprzyk-Hordern).9 ON THE FRONTIER: ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY AND THE OCCURRENCE OFILLICIT DRUGS INTO SURFACE WATERS IN THE UNITED STATES (TammyJones-Lepp, David Alvarez, and Bommanna Loganathan).10 MONITORING NONPRESCRIPTION DRUGS IN SURFACE WATER IN NEBRASKA(USA) (Shannon Bartelt-Hunt, and Daniel D. Snow).IVB MASS SPECTROMETRIC ANALYSIS OF ILLICIT DRUGS IN THEENVIRONMENT: ILLICIT DRUGS IN DRINKING WATER.11 PRESENCE AND REMOVAL OF ILLICIT DRUGS IN CONVENTIONALDRINKING WATER TREATMENT PLANTS (Maria Huerta-Fontela, MariaTeresa Galceran, and Francesc Ventura).12 ANALYSIS OF ILLICIT DRUGS IN WATER USING DIRECT-INJECTIONLIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-TANDEM MASS SPECTROMETRY (Rebecca A.Trenholm and Shane A. Snyder).IVC MASS SPECTROMETRIC ANALYSIS OF ILLICIT DRUGS IN THEENVIRONMENT: PRESENCE IN AIR AND SUSPENDED PARTICULATEMATTER.13 PSYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES IN URBAN AIRBORNE PARTICULATES(Angelo Cecinato and Catia Balducci).V APPLICATIONS OF ILLICIT DRUG ANALYSIS IN THEENVIRONMENT.14 ILLICIT DRUGS IN THE ENVIRONMENT: IMPLICATION FORECOTOXICOLOGY (Guido Domingo, Kristin Schirmer, MarcellaBracale, and Francesco Pomati).15 DRUG ADDICTION-POTENTIAL OF A NEW APPROACH TOMONITORING DRUG CONSUMPTION (Norbert Frost).16 ASSESSING ILLICIT DRUG CONSUMPTION BY WASTEWATER ANALYSIS:HISTORY, POTENTIAL, AND LIMITATION OF A NOVEL APPROACH (EttoreZuccato and Sara Castiglioni).17 COCAINE AND METABOLITES IN WASTEWATER AS A TOOL TO CALCULATELOCAL AND NATIONAL COCAINE CONSUMPTION PREVALENCE IN BELGIUM(Alexander L.N. van Nuijs, Lieven Bervoets, Philippe G. Jorens,Ronny Blust, Hugo Neels, and Adrian Covaci).18 MEASUREMENT OF ILLICIT DRUG CONSUMPTION IN SMALL POPULATIONS:PROGNOSIS FOR NONINVASIVE DRUG TESTING OF STUDENT POPULATIONS(Deepika Panawennage, Sara Castiglioni, Ettore Zuccato, EnricoDavoli, and M. Paul Chiarelli).VI CONCLUSIONS.19 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES (RobertoFanelli).INDEX.