This book is about prioritarianism, a new ethical framework that takes fair distribution seriously and can be used to evaluate many different types of governmental policies, such as the distribution of scarce health care resources, mitigating and adapting to climate change, educational policies, the regulation of risk, and the tax system.

1. Introduction Matthew D. Adler and Ole F. Norheim; 2. Theory of prioritarianism Matthew D. Adler; 3. Well-being measurement Matthew D. Adler and Koen Decancq; 4. Prioritarianism and optimal taxation Matti Tuomala and Matthew Weinzierl; 5. Prioritarianism and measuring social progress Koen Decancq and Eric Schokkaert; 6. Prioritarianism and health policy Richard Cookson, Ole F. Norheim, and Ieva Skarda; 7. Prioritarianism and fatality risk regulation James K. Hammitt and Nicolas Treich; 8. Prioritarianism and climate change Maddalena Ferranna and Marc Fleurbaey; 9. Prioritarianism and education Erwin Ooghe; 10. Empirical research on ethical preferences: How popular is prioritarianism? Erik Schokkaert and Benoît Tarroux; 11. Prioritarianism and equality of opportunity Paolo Brunori, Francisco H.G. Ferreira, and Vito Peragine; 12. Prioritarianism and the covid-19 pandemic David E. Bloom, Maddalena Ferranna, and J. P. Sevilla.