This collection of essays combines different evolutionary perspectives to demonstrate how lithic technological systems are a by-product of human behavior.

Part I. Lithic Technological Systems and Evolutionary Theory: 1. Interpreting lithic technology under the evolutionary tent William Andrefsky, Jr and Nathan Goodale; Part II. Culture History and Phylogenetic Evolution: 2. Graphing evolutionary pattern in stone tools to reveal evolutionary process R. Lee Lyman; 3. Theory in archaeology: morphometric approaches to the study of fluted points Michael Shott; 4. Innovation and natural selection in Paleoindian projectile points from the American Southwest Todd L. VanPool, Michael J. O'Brien and R. Lee Lyman; Part III. Applications of Behavioral Ecology to Lithic Studies: 5. A case of extinction in Paleoindian archaeology Charlotte Beck and George T. Jones; 6. The North China Nanolithic Robert L. Bettinger, Christopher Morgan and Loukas Barton; 7. When to retouch, haft, or discard? Modeling optimal use/maintenance schedules in lithic tool use Chris Clarkson, Michael Haslam and Clair Harris; 8. Procurement costs and tool performance requirements: determining constraints on lithic toolstone selection in Baja California Sur Jennifer Ferris; 9. A model of lithic raw material procurement Raven Garvey; 10. Artifacts as patches: the marginal value theorem and stone tool life histories Steven L. Kuhn and D. Shane Miller; 11. Signals in stone: exploring the role of social information exchange, conspicuous consumption, and costly signaling theory in lithic analysis Colin P. Quinn; Part IV. Cultural Transmission and Morphology: 12. An analysis of stylistic variability of stemmed obsidian tools (mata'a) on Rapa Nui (Easter Island) Carl P. Lipo, Terry L. Hunt and Brooke Hundtoft; 13. Cultural transmission and the production of material goods: evolutionary pattern through measuring morphology Nathan Goodale, William Andrefsky, Jr, Curtis Osterhoudt, Lara Cueni and Ian Kuijt; 14. What Steward got right: technology, work organization, and cultural evolution Nathan E. Stevens; 15. Evolution of the slate tool industry at Bridge River, British Columbia Anna M. Prentiss, Nathan Goodale, Lucille E. Harris and Nicole Crossland.