This volume considers the exchange between the Neo-Kantian tradition in German philosophy and the sciences from the last third of the nineteenth century to the Great war and partly beyond.

Editors's Introduction: Neo-Kantianism and the Sciences Part 1: Mathematics 1. (Neo-)Kantian Foundation of Foundatians: The Göttingen Case Volker Peckhaus 2. Cassirer on the Concept of Number: A Neo-Kantian Perspective on Dedekindian Abstraction Francesca Biagioli 3. From Magnitudes to Real Numbers. Cantor and Dedekind's Number Extensions and Their Reception in the Marburg School of Neo-Kantianism Daniel Koenig Part 2: Physics 4. Clouds over Classical Physics? Neo-Kantian Perspectives on Kant's Ideal of Physics as the Fundamental Empirical Science Helmut Pulte 5. Kurd Lasswitz, the Marburg School and the Problem of Individuality in Physics Marco Giovanelli 6. Hermann von Helmholtz on the Unification of Science Gregor Schiemann Part 3: Chemistry and Technology 7. Physical and Chemical Atomism. Helmholtz and Cassirer on Chemical Classifications Rudolf Meer 8. Cassirer on the Construction of Concepts in Chemistry Henny Blomme 9. Technology in Neo-Kantianism between Theory and Practice. A First Insight Tim-Florian Steinbach Part 4: Biology 10. Philosophy of Biology in Neo-Kantianism Georg Toepfer 11. The Impact of Kantian Philosophy on Organic Form: Teleology, Organism, and Material Properties in Early Twentieth Century Morphology Marco Tamborini 12. From Kant to Holism: The Decline of Neo-Kantianism and the Rise of Theoretical Biology Jan Baedke, Alexander Böhm, and Stefan Reiners-Selbach Part 5: Psychology 13. The Problem of Psychology in Neo-Kantianism: On the Relevance of Richard Hönigswald Christian Krijnen 14. Descriptive or Reconstructive Psychology. On Natorp's Critique of Dilthey Hans-Ulrich Lessing Part 6: The Context of other 'Scientific Philosophies' 15. Systems after the Systems - 'Cosmic' Texts and Integrative Practices in Neo-Kantian Contexts Paul Ziche 16. 'Critique de la Science' in France: Conventionalism or/and Neo-Kantianism in Geometry? Gerhard Heinzmann 17. Factum and Region: Neo-Kantian and Phenomenological Paradigms for a Philosophy of Science Sebastian Luft