"Access to and the quality of health services are closely linked to the density and skill-mix of a country's health workforce (OECD, 2016; World Health Organization, 2006, 2016). High rates of chronic conditions and multimorbidity, new treatment options, and technological advances and economic pressure have led to fundamental changes to health systems and have impacted on the daily work of health professionals. Many countries worldwide are experiencing a shortage of primary care providers, particularly in rural or socially deprived urban areas (OECD, 2016; World Health Organization, 2013). Primary care systems face the challenge of ensuring a sustainable workforce to allow timely access to services, high-quality care and person-centred services (Kringos et al., 2015a, 2015b). Against this backdrop, the skills and composition of the workforce have changed in many countries and settings to meet the increasing and diversifying demands of patients (Dubois & Singh, 2009; Freund et al., 2015). At the same time, health promotion and prevention are gaining increasing attention among primary care providers to ensure that all people can live in good health. Moreover, the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought to the forefront the necessity of having a well-qualified health workforce that has surge capacity, competencies and flexibility to react to shortterm crises (WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2020)"--

1. Skill-mix for primary and chronic care: definitions, conceptual framework and relevance for policy and practice Claudia B. Maier, Gemma A. Williams, Hannah Budde, Laura Pfirter, Reinhard Busse and Matthias Wismar; 2. Skill-mix changes: what evidence on patent outcomes and health systems? Claudia B. Maier, Hannah Budde, Laura Pfirter, and Marieke Kroezen; 3. Implementing skill-mix changes: lessons for policy and practice Claudia B. Maier, Giada Scarpetti, Marieke Kroezen, Mathilde S. Akeroyd, Hannah Budde, Laura Pfirter, and Matthias Wismar; 4. Keeping people healthy: skill-mix innovations for improved disease prevention and health promotion Stephan van den Broucke, Katarzyna Czabanowska; Hannah Budde, Laura Pfirter, and Claudia B. Maier; 5. Caring for people with acute conditions: transitional care, relocation of care and new division of work Ivy Bourgeault, Christine Bond, Romy Mahrer-Imhof, Hannah Budde, Bernd Rechel, and Claudia B. Maier; 6. Chronic conditions and multimorbidity: skill-mix innovations for enhanced quality and coordination of care Juliane Winkelmann, Gemma A. Williams, Mieke Rijken, and Katherine Polin; 7 Long-term and palliative care at home: skill-mix innovatons for enhanced responsiveness and satisfaction of patients and caregivers Elke Berger, Ramona Backhaus, Jans Hamers, Peter Pype, Pauline Boeckxstaens, Laura Pfirter, and Claudia B. Maier; 8. Addressing the particular challenges of patients living in rural and remote areas and for disadvantaged groups: skill-mix innovations to improve access and quality of care Jan de Maeseneer, Giada Scarpetti, Hannah Budde, and Claudia B. Maier; 9. Education and planning: anticipating and responding to skill gaps, changing skill needs and competencies Ronald Batenburg and Marieke Kroezen; 10. Implementing skill-mix innovations: role of policy and financing Giada Scarpetti, Claudia B. Maier, Hannah Budde, Dheepa Rajan, Erica Richardson, and Walter Sermeus; 11. Change management in health care settings: organizational strategies to foster skill-mix changes Marieke Kroezen, Ellen Kuhlmann, Christian Gericke, and Gilles Dussault.