As a result of the uprisings that spread across the Middle East and North Africa in late 2010 and 2011, the issue of state public violence against both men and women dominated the headlines. But gender-based violence, in both its public and private forms, has for the most part remained unnoticed and is often ignored. The forms that this kind of violence can take are influenced by cultural norms and religious beliefs, as well as economic and political circumstances. In 'Gender and Violence in Islamic Societies', violence is perceived not only as physical harm, but includes various forms of violence directed at women because they are women. These include segregation in the workplace and limiting women's access to wealth, gender stereotyping in the media and education, verbal aggression and humiliation, control of women's finances and income, forced veiling, restricted access to education and health. Gender-based violence is thus analysed in its various forms and localities, encompassing both the public and private spheres: within the family, the general community,at work and in various state institutions.Here, Zahia Smail Salhi brings together a wide range of examples of gender-based violence across the Middle East and North Africa, from discrimination in the workplace in Jordan to the physical abuse of underage domestic workers in Morocco, and from psychological and verbal violence against women in Tunisia and Algeria to the practice of female genital mutilation in Egypt. The evidence demonstrates that the violence, far from being of universal character across the region, is instead diverse, in both its intensity and in the processes of addressing such violence.

IntroductionChapter 1: Gender and Violence in the Middle East and North Africa: Negotiating with Patriarchal States and Islamism. Zahia Smail SalhiChapter 2: Gender-based Violence in the Middle East and North Africa: A Ubiquitous Phenomenon. David GhanimChapter 3: Women and Violence in the Light of an Islamic Normative Ethical Theory. Mariam al-Attar Chapter 4: Struggle against Male Violence with an Egalitarian Jurisprudence and Islamic Government: The Case of Secular Turkey. Canan Aslan-Akman and Fatma Tütüncü Chapter 5: Working in a Hostile Environment: Female Labour Segregation and Women's Impediments to Private Sector Opportunities in Jordan. Claudia Corsi Chapter 6: Violence against Underage Girl Domestic Workers in Morocco. Moha Ennaji Chapter 7: Gender and Violence in Egypt: Prevalence and Factors Exposing Women to Risk of Spousal Violence in Alexandria. Heba Mamdouh and Ibrahim KharboushChapter 8: ­Female Genital Mutilation between Culture and Religion: The Case of Egypt. Hiam Salaheldin ElgousiChapter 9: The Insidious Violence: A Study of Husband-Wife Power Relations in the Algerian Context. Fatma Zohra Mebtouche NedjaiChapter 10: Gender Expletives and Verbal Abuse: A Tunisian Case. Raoudha KammounChapter 11: Gender and Language Discrimination in EFL Textbooks: Female Invisibility asa Form of Gender based Violence. Souryana Yassine