The term "genocide"-"group killing"-which first appeared in Raphael Lemkin's 1944 book, Axis Rule in Occupied Europe, had by 1948 established itself in international law through the United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide. Since then the charge of genocide has been both widely applied but also contested. In Genocide: The Act as Idea, Berel Lang examines and illuminates the concept of genocide, at once articulating difficulties in its definition and proposing solutions to them. In his analysis, Lang explores the relation of genocide to group identity, individual and corporate moral responsibility, the concept of individual and group intentions, and the concept of evil more generally.
The idea of genocide, Lang argues, represents a notable advance in the history of political and ethical thought which proposed alternatives to it, like "crimes against humanity," fail to take into account.

PrefaceThe United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of GenocidePART I: BETWEEN GENOCIDE AND "GENOCIDE"'1. The Evil in Genocide2. Genocide and Comparative Evil: Counting Victims, Numbers, Degrees3. Disputing ''Genocide'': Issues of Uniqueness and Group-Identity4. The Pushback and Its Search for a ReplacementPART II: GENOCIDE AS PAST AND PRESENCE5. "Genocide'' and ''Holocaust'': Language as History6. Raphael Lemkin, Unsung Hero: Reparation7. From Genocide to Group-Rights8. Arendt on the Evil in Genocide: Banality's Depths9. Genocide-DenialAfterWordsBibliographical NotesIndex