Religion and empire were inseparable forces in the early modern Atlantic world. Religious passions and conflicts drove much of the expansionist energy of post-Reformation Europe, providing both a rationale and a practical mode of organizing the dispersal and resettlement of hundreds of thousands of people from the Old World to the New World. Exhortations to conquer new peoples were the lingua franca of Western imperialism, and men like the mystically inclined Christopher Columbus were genuinely inspired to risk their lives and their fortunes to bring the gospel to the Americas. And in the thousands of religious refugees seeking asylum from the vicious wars of religion that tore the continent apart in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, these visionary explorers found a ready pool of migrants-English Puritans and Quakers, French Huguenots, German Moravians, Scots-Irish Presbyterians-equally willing to risk life and limb for a chance to worship God in their own way.
Focusing on the formative period of European exploration, settlement, and conquest in the Americas, from roughly 1500 to 1760, Empires of God brings together historians and literary scholars of the English, French, and Spanish Americas around a common set of questions: How did religious communities and beliefs create empires, and how did imperial structures transform New World religions? How did Europeans and Native Americans make sense of each other's spiritual systems, and what acts of linguistic and cultural transition did this entail? What was the role of violence in New World religious encounters? Together, the essays collected here demonstrate the power of religious ideas and narratives to create kingdoms both imagined and real.

Introduction
-Susan Juster and Linda Gregerson

PART I. LAUNCHING IMPERIAL PROJECTS
Chapter 1. The Polemics of Possession: Spain on America, Circa 1550
-Rolena Adorno
Chapter 2. Cruelty and Religious Justifications for Conquest in the Mid-Seventeenth-Century English Atlantic
-Carla Gardina Pestana
Chapter 3. Religion and National Distinction in the Early Modern Atlantic
-Barbara Fuchs
Chapter 4. The Commonwealth of the Word: New England, Old England, and the Praying Indians
-Linda Gregerson

PART II. COLONIAL ACCOMMODATIONS
Chapter 5. Catholic Saints in Spain's Atlantic Empire
-Cornelius Conover
Chapter 6. A Wandering Jesuit in Europe and America: Father Chaumonot Finds a Home
-Allan Greer
Chapter 7. From London to Nonantum: Mission Literature in the Transatlantic English World
-Kristina Bross
Chapter 8. Dreams Clash: The War over Authorized Interpretation in Seventeenth-Century French Missions
-Dominique Deslandres
Chapter 9. "For Each and Every House to Wish for Peace":
Christoph Saur's High German American Almanac and the French and Indian War in Pennsylvania
-Bethany Wiggin

PART III. VIOLENT ENCOUNTERS
Chapter 10. Reconfiguring Martyrdom in the Colonial Context: Marie de l'Incarnation
-Katherine Ibbett
Chapter 11. Book of Suffering, Suffering Book: The Mennonite Martyrs' Mirror and the Translation of Martyrdom in Colonial America
-Patrick Erben
Chapter 12. Iconoclasm Without Icons? The Destruction of Sacred Objects in Colonial North America
-Susan Juster
Final Reflections: Spenser and the End of the British Empire
-Paul Stevens

Notes
List of Contributors
Index
Acknowledgments