The New York Times best-selling book exploring the counterproductive reactions white people have when their assumptions about race are challenged, and how these reactions maintain racial inequality. In this "vital, necessary, and beautiful book" (Michael Eric Dyson), antiracist educator Robin DiAngelo deftly illuminates the phenomenon of white fragility and "allows us to understand racism as a practice not restricted to 'bad people' (Claudia Rankine). Referring to the defensive moves that white people make when challenged racially, white fragility is characterized by emotions such as anger, fear, and guilt, and by behaviors including argumentation and silence. These behaviors, in turn, function to reinstate white racial equilibrium and prevent any meaningful cross-racial dialogue. In this in-depth exploration, DiAngelo examines how white fragility develops, how it protects racial inequality, and what we can do to engage more constructively.

Foreword by Michael Eric DysonAuthor’s NoteIntroduction: We Can’t Get There from Here1. The Challenges of Talking to White People About Racism2. Racism and White Supremacy3. Racism After the Civil Rights Movement4. How Does Race Shape the Lives of White People?5. The Good/Bad Binary6. Anti-Blackness7. Racial Triggers for White People8. The Result: White Fragility9. White Fragility in Action10. White Fragility and the Rules of Engagement11. White Women’s Tears12. Where Do We Go from Here?Resources for Continuing EducationAcknowledgmentsNotes